Mol Ther:重磅!中国科学家利用CRISPR技术成功修复人类胚胎中的基因突变

2018-08-28 浮苏 生物探索

基因编辑技术发展势如破竹,遗传性疾病的有效治疗显得日益迫切。近日,来自上海科技大学的黄行许教授和广州医科大学附属第三医院的刘见桥教授领导的研究小组利用最新CRISPR技术成功纠正了胚胎中的马凡综合症(MFS)致病突变。这一研究成果代表着在重塑人类胚胎DNA的尝试基础上取得了重大突破。



8月13日,这项成果以“Correction of the Marfan Syndrome pathogenic FBN1 mutation by base editing in human cells and heterozygous embryos”为题发表在《Molecular Therapy》杂志上。上海科技大学的黄行许教授和广州医科大学附属第三医院的刘见桥教授为这一研究的通讯作者。

关于马凡综合症

马凡综合征是一种以结缔组织为基本缺陷的遗传性疾病,也有先天性中胚层发育不良、Marchesani综合征、蜘蛛指征、肢体细长症之称,其典型病症包括周围结缔组织营养不良、骨骼异常、内眼疾病和血管异常。

据估计,全球每5000人中有1人患有马凡综合症,由于这种遗传疾病会在全身引起问题,因此往往可能是致命的。如果一个人患有马凡综合症,他们的孩子将也有50%的可能会患有此病。

在这项新研究中,中国团队从马凡氏综合征患者捐赠的健康卵子和精子着手,利用体外受精技术培养成能自行发育的人类胚胎,然后通过“碱基编辑”技术纠正引起该病症的FBN1(编码原纤维蛋白1)基因中单个碱基的突变,为这种疾病提供了潜在的早期治疗。

碱基编辑器

过去的研究曾表明,编辑双链DNA会产生不必要的剪切,甚至于可能会导致癌症。最新研究中并没有使用典型的CRISPR基因编辑技术。相反,他们尝试了一种“碱基编辑器”的技术,可以简单替换单个碱基(例如将A替换为G)。

碱基编辑器是由Broad 研究所的华人学者 David Liu 教授的团队开发,可以让细胞内 DNA 的一种碱基通过简单的化学反应,变成另一种碱基,达到精准编辑基因的目的。

如今最常用的是 CRISPR 基因编辑技术,通过处理后的病毒携带基因片段,进入细胞内 DNA 替换原有基因。这种技术,需要切割 DNA 才能实现基因编辑。而碱基编辑器的突破在于,它不需要切割 DNA,直接在 DNA 上进行化学反应,来精准编辑基因。而此前,CRISPR 基因编辑技术可能会引起随机插入和删除等突变,而碱基编辑器技术则几乎避免了这种情况。

更好的方式

鉴于要纠正该病症的突变基因,只需要将FBN1基因中的G改变为健康的A。研究人员试图用碱基编辑纠正导致马凡综合征的突变。

根据这项研究,黄行许教授和刘见桥团队成功纠正了导致18个活的人类胚胎出现马凡综合症的突变。其中16个胚胎仅携带FBN1基因经过修正的版本,而在2个胚胎中发生了额外的编辑。


本研究通讯作者黄行许(左),刘见桥(右)

“总的来说,这项初步研究提供了概念上的证明,并开启了基于碱基编辑的基因治疗的潜力,”上海科技大学的研究员黄行许教授说,“尽管如此,距离到临床应用,它还有很长的路要走。”

原始出处;

Yanting Zeng, Jianan Li, Guanglei Li, et.al. Correction of the Marfan Syndrome Pathogenic FBN1 Mutation by Base Editing in Human Cells and Heterozygous Embryos. Molecular Therapy August 13, 2018

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    2018-09-09 川木0李海

    福州

    0

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    2018-08-30 yuandd
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    2018-08-30 ailian1202
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