Cell Syst:什么?癌症免疫疗效提高数倍!只需诱导脱发基因表达!

2018-08-02 Paris,Zoe 转化医学网

近来,哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心(CUIMC)的研究人员进行的一项新的小鼠实验的研究表明,一种与自身免疫性脱发相关的基因可被用于改善癌症免疫治疗。该论文在《Cell Systems》杂志上发表。

导读

自从2014年anti-PD-1单抗Opdivo和Keytruda被批准上市以来,肿瘤免疫治疗的热浪席卷全球,取得了空前的成功。这些免疫检查点抑制剂在黑色素瘤,非小细胞肺癌,肾细胞癌,霍奇金淋巴瘤,膀胱癌等多种癌症中表现出了令人欣喜的疗效,然而免疫检查点抑制剂并不是万能的“神药”,大多数患者并未真正从这些治疗中受益,因为他们的肿瘤能够逃避机体的免疫系统。近来,哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心(CUIMC)的研究人员进行的一项新的小鼠实验的研究表明,一种与自身免疫性脱发相关的基因可被用于改善癌症免疫治疗。该论文在《Cell Systems》杂志上发表。

肿瘤免疫逃逸主要原因

自身免疫疾病和癌症代表了免疫信号谱的两端。当免疫系统过度活跃时,患者可能有患自身免疫疾病的风险;当它不活跃时,癌症可以逃避免疫系统甚至进一步发展。当体内出现恶变细胞时,免疫系统能够识别并通过免疫机制特异地清除这些“非己”细胞,抵御肿瘤的发生发展。

然而,恶变细胞在某些情况下能通过多种机制逃避机体的免疫监视,在体内迅速增殖,形成肿瘤。这些原因主要是肿瘤细胞上特定基因或通路的表达或上调,从而导致肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞的浸润以及功能受到抑制。

鉴于此,研究人员提出了一个加强癌症免疫治疗的策略,它需要“劫持”肿瘤细胞激活免疫系统的分子机制,并对其进行标记,以此来逃避肿瘤介导的免疫破坏。肿瘤细胞之所以能够免受免疫系统的影响,是因为免疫细胞攻击和破坏毛细胞的功能在各种类型的癌症中被关闭。但如果重新开启该基因,就可以使这些癌症具有明显改善的免疫反应性。

脱发相关基因的发现

在这项研究中,他们发现了一种在斑秃中募集T细胞的基因--一种名为IKZF1的基因,该基因足以诱导募集T细胞渗透并导致免疫介导的细胞毒性的发生,这在靶组织中表达时可见。

过度活跃的IKZF1基因可导致免疫细胞过量产生,而斑秃中的关键免疫细胞与许多癌症可以逃避的细胞相同。这些所谓的杀伤性T细胞对于癌症免疫疗法的成功至关重要。

为了确定是否可以激活肿瘤细胞中的IKZF1,以便将T细胞吸引到肿瘤中,动员它们攻击癌症。研究人员使用Chen设计的算法筛选了癌症基因组图谱中数千名癌症患者的基因组和生物信息学数据,搜索了在其监管网络中具有IKZF1的肿瘤类型。

IKZF1对免疫疗法的影响

他们首先在黑素瘤的小鼠模型中进行了测试。与患有常规黑素瘤的对照小鼠相比,实验组小鼠在其肿瘤中具有增加的浸润性免疫细胞水平,这表明肿瘤已经失去了一些逃避免疫应答的能力。

“我们特别震惊的是,表达IKZF1的肿瘤对抗PD-1和抗-CTLA-4治疗反应明显更好。肿瘤生长几乎完全受到抑制,”该研究的共同作者Charles G. Drake博士说。

该团队随后分析了先前对患有IKZF1残疾的黑色素瘤患者的研究数据。与其他黑素瘤患者相比,患有IKZF1的患者具有更高的复发率和更差的存活率。

该算法还预测出前列腺癌可以对免疫疗法产生更大的反应。在实验室实验中,研究小组发现,恢复前列腺肿瘤细胞中的IKZF1活性可使其易于进行免疫治疗。 德克雷表示,“临床上,这是一个特别令人兴奋的发现,因为前列腺癌通常很少被免疫细胞浸润。转变这些肿瘤的免疫反应性可能是治疗成功的关键。”

肿瘤免疫治疗改变了肿瘤治疗的格局,但是其免疫逃逸限制了它的疗效与应用。然而该研究的发现有望提高免疫治疗的响应。因为该方法可以很快用于预测患者是否对免疫疗法有反应并评估其预后。

原始出处:Chen JC1, Perez-Lorenzo R2, Saenger YM3, et al. IKZF1 Enhances Immune Infiltrate Recruitment in Solid Tumors and Susceptibility to Immunotherapy. Cell Syst. 2018 Jul 25;7(1):92-103.e4. 

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    2018-12-10 维他命
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    2018-08-03 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-08-02 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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CheckMate-078研究:首次印证免疫治疗在中国人群的疗效和安全性

CheckMate-078研究是第一项针对东亚人群,特别以中国人群为主的免疫检查点抑制剂二线治疗晚期NSCLC的临床研究。与纳武利尤单抗(Nivolumab)在全球注册临床CheckMate-017研究和CheckMate-057研究结果一致,在CheckMate-078研究中,纳武利尤单抗对比化疗显著降低患者的死亡风险。该研究成功的进一步验证了纳武利尤单抗的卓越疗效和安全性。基于CheckMat

CLIN CANCER RES:RNA结合蛋白MEX3B调节肿瘤免疫治疗耐药

肿瘤免疫治疗在许多患者中取得了令人瞩目的疗效,但是有些患者仍然没有治疗反应,需要新的克服免疫治疗耐药的治疗方案。CLIN CANCER RES近期发表了一篇文章,研究肿瘤免疫治疗耐药的机制,寻找目标基因。

CLIN CANCER RES:通过靶向白血病抗原PR1的免疫疗法治疗多发性骨髓瘤

PR1是来源于中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(NE)和蛋白酶3(P3)的人HLA-A2肽。既往的研究表明PR1在实体肿瘤,白血病和抗原呈递细胞(包括B细胞)中交叉表达。实体肿瘤PR1交叉表达使其对靶向PR1的免疫治疗敏感。多发性骨髓瘤来源于B细胞,CLIN CANCER RES近期发表了一篇文章,研究多发性骨髓瘤是否也交叉表达PR1以及是否可以利用PR1免疫疗法进行靶向治疗。