周智广:B淋巴细胞亚类与自身免疫糖尿病的胰岛功能

2018-12-25 周智广 中华医学信息导报

自身免疫糖尿病是由遗传和环境因素共同影响下的器官特异性自身免疫疾病,主要由T细胞介导胰岛β细胞破坏造成胰岛素缺乏所致。但持续增多的证据表明B 淋巴细胞在自身免疫糖尿病发生发展中发挥重要作用。

1

自身免疫糖尿病是由遗传和环境因素共同影响下的器官特异性自身免疫疾病,主要由T细胞介导胰岛β细胞破坏造成胰岛素缺乏所致。但持续增多的证据表明B 淋巴细胞在自身免疫糖尿病发生发展中发挥重要作用。

2

非肥胖糖尿病(NOD)小鼠胰岛炎早期已有B淋巴细胞浸润胰腺组织,发挥抗原提呈、激活效应性T细胞作用。此外,B淋巴细胞分泌的胰岛自身抗体作为糖尿病存在自身免疫的金标准。多种方法去除B淋巴细胞可以阻止糖尿病发生,甚至在血糖升高之后去除B淋巴细胞,糖尿病进展仍可以被逆转。

利妥西单抗是一种鼠与人嵌合的单克隆抗体,特异性结合CD20,通过Fc受体介导抗体依赖性细胞毒作用和补体依赖性细胞毒性机制去除B淋巴细胞。利妥西单抗可以去除外周血中初始和记忆性B淋巴细胞,但对组织中边缘区B淋巴细胞和生发中心B淋巴细胞作用有限,且不能去除长期存活的浆细胞。

利妥西单抗应用于1型糖尿病患者的随机双盲Ⅱ期临床试验表明,利妥西单抗治疗组患者胰岛功能得到有效保护, 其机制可能为选择性抑制胰岛素自身抗体滴度有关;然而延长随访时间至2年发现,治疗组与安慰剂对照C肽衰退速率一致,治疗组胰岛功能衰退较对照组延缓8.2 个月。后续的机制研究表明,利妥西单抗治疗没有从根本上解决B淋巴细胞耐受缺陷,这提示去除B淋巴细胞治疗1型糖尿病仍有待改进。

3

我们的研究发现,与2型糖尿病患者和糖耐量正常的对照相比,1型糖尿病或成人隐匿性自身免疫糖尿病患者外周血边缘区B淋巴细胞比例升高,并与空腹C 肽呈负相关。近来另外两项针对1 型糖尿病胰岛免疫表型的研究发现,根据浸润胰岛的B淋巴细胞数目的多少可分为两类模式,即CD20Hi和CD20Lo。

1型糖尿病起病年龄小的(7岁以下)都是CD20Hi组,其残余胰岛素分泌的胰岛比例较低,而起病年龄较大组(13岁以上)都归类为CD20Lo 组,残余胰岛素分泌的胰岛比例较高,起病年龄在7~12岁之间者可能在CD20Hi或CD20Lo任意一组,这提示不同的胰岛免疫浸润模式代表着疾病的异质性,可区分β细胞衰退进程和起病年龄。

4

B淋巴细胞不仅可以提呈胰岛自身抗原,激活自身反应性T 细胞,而且具有负性调节作用, 抑制1型糖尿病的自身免疫。脂多糖激活的B淋巴细胞与致病性T细胞在体外进行共培养,T和B淋巴细胞都发生凋亡。过继转移LPS 活化的B淋巴细胞至NOD小鼠, 糖尿病发生率从对照组90%降低至20%;抑制NOD鼠Th1细胞对β细胞的自身免疫反应。

另一项研究发现将BCR刺激的NOD小鼠B淋巴细胞过继转移给糖尿病前期年轻NOD鼠,可以延迟和阻止糖尿病发生,保护性作用依赖于IL-10分泌。过继转移的B淋巴细胞减少T细胞激活,减轻胰岛炎症以及引起更多的Th2型细胞因子生成如IL-4和IL-10。我们的动物研究也提示NOD鼠B淋巴细胞去除后重新生成的B淋巴细胞具有免疫抑制功能,CD5+CD1dhi B淋巴细胞通过IL-10依赖性机制抑制致糖尿病性NOD BDC2.5 T 细胞增殖。

我们还发现与成人隐匿性自身免疫糖尿病或2型糖尿病患者相比,1型糖尿病患者B10细胞频率最低,同时对照组CD19+CD5+CD1dhi (B10) 细胞比例最高,且B10细胞与胰岛功能呈正相关,而与糖化血红蛋白呈负相关。类似地,Kleffel研究组发现与健康对照相比,1型糖尿病患者胰岛内CD40+和IL-10+ B淋巴细胞频率都降低。

从1型糖尿病患者外周血分选的B淋巴细胞缺乏免疫抑制能力,且其在体外生成IL- 10+调节性B淋巴细胞的能力受损。然而,在体外扩增1型糖尿病患者分离的IL-10+ B淋巴细胞, 可抑制自身反应性T细胞激活。

5

这些研究揭示B淋巴细胞在自身免疫糖尿病中发挥双重作用。外周血及胰岛表型分析提示自身免疫糖尿病患者存在B淋巴细胞亚群改变,并与胰岛功能相关。这些B淋巴细胞亚群的变化可能参与自身免疫耐受丢失和β细胞功能衰退,有望成为免疫干预的标志物和靶点。选择性去除自身反应性B淋巴细胞,同时保留调节性B淋巴细胞或许为自身免疫糖尿病的治疗提供新的希望。

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  6. 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    2018-12-27 衣带渐宽

    学习

    0

  7. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRkia1DP5MpwEgtXo1XhXA11xD6MWKxunAZFXKSNic0fWHUQx83oNHPlRMxxIctM83QKeCLkJpMibibiaC/0, createdBy=7e581734408, createdName=深海的鱼, createdTime=Wed Dec 26 06:49:45 CST 2018, time=2018-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-26 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750037, encodeId=07841e50037f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 20:29:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1755578, encodeId=262d1e555787e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26a938319c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#B淋巴细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3831, encryptionId=26a938319c, topicName=B淋巴细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRkia1DP5MpwEgtXo1XhXA11xD6MWKxunAZFXKSNic0fWHUQx83oNHPlRMxxIctM83QKeCLkJpMibibiaC/0, createdBy=7e581734408, createdName=深海的鱼, createdTime=Wed Dec 26 06:49:45 CST 2018, time=2018-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-26 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

  9. 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRkia1DP5MpwEgtXo1XhXA11xD6MWKxunAZFXKSNic0fWHUQx83oNHPlRMxxIctM83QKeCLkJpMibibiaC/0, createdBy=7e581734408, createdName=深海的鱼, createdTime=Wed Dec 26 06:49:45 CST 2018, time=2018-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-26 lietome15

    感谢小编为我们准备了如此丰盛的精神大餐,同时也向作者致谢!认真学习了,点赞!

    0

  10. 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    2018-12-26 深海的鱼

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