Nature:重大突破!科学家利用人类iPS细胞重建眼部角膜组织功能

2016-07-04 佚名 生物谷Bioon.com

图片摘自:webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu 阪大学医学院的科学家们通过研究开发了一种2D培养系统,该系统可以通过促进人类诱导多能干细胞(iPS细胞)的自发分化来模拟整个眼睛的发育过程。 过去研究中,研究者仅仅描述了一种特殊技术可以产生眼睛后部分,即视网膜、视网膜色素上皮细胞等;而本文中研究者开发的这种新技术能够同时产生眼睛的前部分(角质层和晶状体等)和后部分(视网膜和视网膜色素

图片摘自:webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu

阪大学医学院的科学家们通过研究开发了一种2D培养系统,该系统可以通过促进人类诱导多能干细胞(iPS细胞)的自发分化来模拟整个眼睛的发育过程。

过去研究中,研究者仅仅描述了一种特殊技术可以产生眼睛后部分,即视网膜、视网膜色素上皮细胞等;而本文中研究者开发的这种新技术能够同时产生眼睛的前部分(角质层和晶状体等)和后部分(视网膜和视网膜色素上皮细胞等),而这项研究发现属世界首次。

严重的角膜上皮疾病往往会导致失明,科学家们常常利用供体的角膜来对患者进行角膜移植,但如今这种疗法由于供体的缺少以及排斥反应的产生不断受阻,而患者的治疗或会面临多种阻碍。过去科学家们没有开发出新技术来诱导人类iPS细胞分化成为角膜上皮细胞和离体细胞从而制造功能性的角膜上皮组织。

本文研究中,研究者开发的新型培养系统可以利用人类iPS细胞来产生一种2维的结构,这种结构是一种自发形成的外胚层多重区域(SEAM),其包括4个细胞的同心区;在发育期间组成眼睛的大部分群体细胞都是在SEAM的特殊位置形成的,比如角膜上皮细胞、视网膜细胞以及晶状体的上皮细胞等。

本文研究中,研究者从SEAM的第三个区域中成功分离到了角膜上皮祖细胞,从而成功地制造出了功能性的角膜上皮组织。同时研究者通过将其移植到动物模型中进行研究,证实了人类iPS细胞形成的角膜上皮组织的治疗效力。

相关研究结果或帮助科学家们利用人类iPS细胞来重建眼部的角膜上皮组织,而后期SEAM或可潜在地推动新技术的发展来重建眼部的角膜组织和其它部分,对于有效治疗眼部疾病的患者或将是一大福利。

原始出处:

Ryuhei Hayashi, Yuki Ishikawa, Yuzuru Sasamoto, Ryosuke Katori, Naoki Nomura, Tatsuya Ichikawa, Saori Araki, Takeshi Soma, Satoshi Kawasaki, Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi, Andrew J. Quantock, Motokazu Tsujikawa & Kohji Nishida.Co-ordinated ocular development from human iPS cells and recovery of corneal function.Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):376-80. doi: 10.1038/nature17000. Epub 2016 Mar 9.


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    2017-04-16 huiwelcome
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    2016-08-21 liye789132251
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    2016-07-05 snowpeakxu
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    2016-07-05 chengjn
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    2016-07-05 wmr115

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Masayo Takahashi 图片来源:JIJI PRESS/AFP/Getty Images “这是令人敬畏的、疯狂的,我非常激动,我一直在等待它的到来。”美国加利福尼亚州拉荷亚斯克利普斯研究所干细胞生物学家Jeanne Loring说。她是全世界欢迎干细胞疗法新消息的几位研究人员中的一位——存在视觉缺陷的一位日本女性成为接受诱导多能干(iPS)细胞疗法的第一人。

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一名日本眼病患者将成为第一个用诱导干细胞(ips)治疗疾病的人。2006年日本干细胞学家山中教授因为发明ips技术获得诺贝尔生理学和医学奖。卫生部门组织的一个委员会已经对实验安全性进行投票,现在开始实验在程序上已经没有任何障碍。日本理化研究所发育生物学中心干细胞学家MasayoTakahashi已经为治疗一例黄斑变性患者准备好iPS细胞,和胚胎干细胞不同,iPS细胞来自患者的成体细胞,因此不存在遗

日采用新iPS细胞技术治疗糖尿病

京都大学教授长船健二率领的研究小组日前宣布,他们利用人类诱导多功能干细胞(iPS细胞),高效制作出了能够发育成胰腺细胞的胰芽(pancreatic bud)细胞,移植到实验鼠体内后,确认能正常发挥作用。这一发现有望促进开发出治疗糖尿病的方法。 iPS细胞是体细胞经诱导因子处理后转化而成的干细胞,其功能与胚胎干细胞类似,能发育成多种组织和器官。 胰芽细胞能够发育成分泌胰岛素的