透明冠修复乳牙龋即刻纠正乳前牙反牙合1例病例报告

2019-12-22 尚巍 孙芳 刘兴旺 长治医学院学报

乳前牙反牙合是儿童生长发育过程中常见的错牙合畸形,以牙源性和功能性为主,常导致患儿面中部凹陷,影响上、下颌骨和口周系统的正常发育,甚至引起发音功能障碍。如果不进行治疗,其颌骨可因长期生长受障碍而形成Ⅲ类骨性反牙合,原表现为凹面的颜面畸形将越来越严重。

乳前牙反牙合是儿童生长发育过程中常见的错牙合畸形,以牙源性和功能性为主,常导致患儿面中部凹陷,影响上、下颌骨和口周系统的正常发育,甚至引起发音功能障碍。如果不进行治疗,其颌骨可因长期生长受障碍而形成Ⅲ类骨性反牙合,原表现为凹面的颜面畸形将越来越严重。
 
目前多数观点认为,乳牙反牙合若不经干预大多数将发展为恒牙反牙合且症状加重,尤其多个乳前牙反牙合较个别乳前牙反牙合趋势更加明显,而若给予及时有效的干预,替牙后恒牙反牙合发生率将明显降低,即使发生也会减轻。其矫治时机基本得到了共识,治疗的越早,预后越好。目前国内多采用前方牵引法、牙合垫舌簧矫治器、下颌斜面导板法、FR-Ⅲ功能性矫治器、头帽颏兜矫治器、“2×4”固定矫治技术、导弓式活动矫治器、玻璃离子牙合垫法、复合树脂唇切面斜导板法等予以矫治。但是应用乳牙透明冠解决反牙合的病例未见报道,本研究通过应用乳牙透明冠修复乳前牙龋同时即刻纠正乳前牙反牙合,为今后临床诊疗工作中乳前牙反牙合的治疗提供新的思路和方法。
 
1.病例报告
 
患者王某,女,4岁,主因“上前牙蛀牙1年余,地包天”于我科就诊。患者近1年,家长发现其门牙有蛀牙,并逐渐加重,无自觉不适症状。询问病史得知家族成员中无类似情况,幼时有不良喂养习惯,否认慢性疾病史、否认鼻咽部疾病史、否认内分泌功能异常。
 
查体发现51、52、61近中邻面浅龋,62近中邻面中龋及唇侧颈部浅龋,54、64远中邻牙牙合面中龋,81远中邻面浅龋,82近中邻面浅龋,72近中倾斜,全口牙叩痛(-),松动度(-),前牙区反覆牙合,反覆盖,下颌可以后退至上下前牙对刃位,上前牙内倾,双侧尖牙中性关系,终末平面近中型,牙周组织较为健康,唇舌系带位置正常,舌体大小、形态、运动未见异常,吞咽、发音功能正常。面型为凹面型,左右基本对称,上唇轻微凹陷上翘,下颌轻微前突,面下1/3高度正常,开口度及开口型正常(见图1~2)。



根据病史及查体可诊断为51、52、61、81、82浅龋,62、54、64中龋,72近中、舌侧倾斜,前牙反牙合(浅覆牙合,浅覆盖),终末平面近中型。经患儿及其父母理解与配合后,常规橡皮障隔湿,51、52、61、62去腐备牙,选择合适的3M透明冠型号,修剪试戴合适,牙面酸蚀,粘结,树脂填入透明冠后就位于牙体上,嘱患儿轻轻咬合,调整冠位置达到正常锁结并去除多余树脂材料,固化,去除透明冠,调合抛光。因患儿家属要求,暂不对其余龋坏牙齿进行处理,建议定期复查,必要时再行治疗。
 
治疗结束后可见患儿上前牙牙体形态恢复良好,反牙合即刻解除,上唇丰满度得到良好的恢复,因上前牙冠修复时牙轴稍向唇侧调整,牙冠长度增加以达到正确锁结,故前牙区有早接触,双侧后牙区存在约1mm楔形开牙合。术后3周复查,前牙覆牙合、覆盖关系维持良好,54、64与74、84均有咬合接触,楔形开牙合消失,后牙区咬合已基本稳定(见图3~4)。



2.讨论
 
本病例多颗乳前牙邻面龋坏,乳前牙透明冠修复最为理想,同时存在前牙反牙合,透明冠修复龋坏的同时对牙轴稍向唇侧做调整,并对牙冠长度稍加长,即可立即解除反牙合,并维持正常锁结。建立正常锁结之后,反牙合牙由于受到下前牙咬合力作用的推动,将会向唇侧移动,从而对反牙合牙起到矫治的效果。此法与复合树脂唇切面斜导板法原理相似。术后即刻出现后牙区楔形开牙合,在前牙反牙合未纠正期间,后牙无接触,但因临床无接触时间较短,对前后牙的影响只是暂时的。3周复查后牙区咬合已建立。
 
与传统活动矫治相比,传统矫治器都需要取模,易引起患儿恶心,制作费时,戴入后异物感明显、影响发音、咀嚼,不易清洁、需一定时期的佩戴,佩戴过程中牙齿可能出现疼痛不适且乳牙临床牙冠短,可能出现固位不良、易于脱落等问题。而本方法无需取模,在口内一次性制作完成,恢复了牙体本身的解剖外形,无需附加其他装置,避免了乳牙临床牙冠短难以取得固位的问题,美观性良好,无异物感,无疼痛不适,易于清洁,患儿接受程度更高,更易取得配合,且术后即刻解除前牙反牙合,无需多次复诊,节省了患者的时间,适合临床推广。本方法因需要对牙轴稍作调整并加长牙冠以解除反牙合并维持正常锁结,对于反覆盖较深者因牙轴需调整角度过大不适用此法。
 
原始出处:

尚巍,孙芳,刘兴旺,刘西茜.透明冠修复乳牙龋即刻纠正乳前牙反(牙合)1例病例报告[J].长治医学院学报,2019,33(01):79-80.

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    2020-03-25 楚钟
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    2020-03-20 cy0324
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1660797, encodeId=75131660e978b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a7d23655e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳牙#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23655, encryptionId=0a7d23655e2, topicName=乳牙)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7be025156641, createdName=楚钟, createdTime=Wed Mar 25 14:32:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2088911, encodeId=75262088911c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e1272365813' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#乳牙龋#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23658, encryptionId=e1272365813, topicName=乳牙龋)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Fri Mar 20 03:32:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1690164, encodeId=0267169016488, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46783263548' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#前牙#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32635, encryptionId=46783263548, topicName=前牙)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=af5c28973286, createdName=LShY0906_98743853, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 23:32:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1934332, encodeId=205b19343320f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=89a594812d5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#透明冠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94812, encryptionId=89a594812d5, topicName=透明冠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=37d0457, createdName=yhj-time, createdTime=Wed Dec 25 19:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1986909, encodeId=52a51986909c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=788230811b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冠修复#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30811, encryptionId=788230811b5, topicName=冠修复)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=28d456, createdName=yese, createdTime=Sat Sep 12 22:32:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377034, encodeId=1fdf13e703415, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8ff8e0777c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例报告#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70777, encryptionId=8ff8e0777c5, topicName=病例报告)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8143398, createdName=lily1616, createdTime=Tue Dec 24 10:32:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-12 yese
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