肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和异丙肾上腺素的异同

2021-12-16 ANDs 网络

肾上腺激动药的药理作用与受体激动后效应相同,重点是要掌握好每种药物对应激动的受体~

肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和异丙肾上腺素均为肾上腺激动药

记牢下图α、β受体的分布和被激动后的效应,相关药物的药理作用就可以轻松掌握了!

肾上腺激动药的药理作用与受体激动后效应相同,重点是要掌握好每种药物对应激动的受体~

  去甲肾上腺素
肾上腺素 异丙肾上腺素
相同点 都属于肾上腺素受体激动药,与肾上腺素受体结合后可激动受体,产生肾上腺素样作用。这类药都能兴奋心脏,不能口服,都易产生快速耐受性。
来源 哺乳动物NA能神经末梢释放的主要递质,肾上腺素少量分泌。药用的肾上腺素为人工合成品。 肾上腺髓质的主要激素。药用肾上腺素可从家畜肾上腺提取或人工合成。 人工合成品,药用其盐酸盐。
常用给药方式 1、一般采用静脉注射给药,临用前稀释,每分钟滴入4~10μg(WYF假如60kG,分钟6UG,就是0.1μg/kg.min)范围可以理解为0.1~0.2μg/kg.min),根据病情调整用量。

2、可用1~2mg加入生理盐水或5%葡萄糖100ml内静滴,根据情况掌握滴注速度,待血压升至所需水平后,减慢滴速,以维持血压于正常范围。
1、皮下注射,常用量为皮下或肌内注射1次0.25mg~1mg。

2、抢救过敏性休克皮下注射或肌注0.5~1mg,也可用于0.1~0.5mg缓慢静注(以等渗盐水稀释到10ml)。 如疗效不好,可改用4~8mg静滴(溶于5%葡萄糖液500~1000ml)。

3、抢救心脏骤停以0.25~0.5mg心内注射。 治疗支气管哮喘效果迅速但不持久,皮下注射0.25~0.5mg,3~5分钟即见效,但仅能维持1小时。必要时可重复注射1次。

1、该品口服无效。一般采用气雾给药或舌下含药。舌下含服。

2、成人,常用量,1次10—15mg,1日3次。极量,1次20mg,1日60mg。

3、小儿,5岁以上,每次2.5-10mg,1日2或3次。 气雾剂吸人,常用量,1次0.1—0.4mg;极量,1次0.4mg,1日2.4mg。 重复使用的间隔时间不应少于2小时。

4、抗休克以0.5-lmg加于5%葡萄糖溶液200ml中,静滴,滴速0.5—2μg/分,根据心率调整滴速。

药理作用 1、血管:使血管收缩
2、心脏(较弱激动β¹受体):使心肌收缩力加强,心率加快,传导加速,心输出量增加
3、血压:小剂量时,脉压加大。大剂量时,脉压变小。
1、心脏:加强心肌收缩性,加速传导,加快心率,提高心肌的兴奋性,增加心输出量。
2、血管:激动α受体时,血管收缩。激动β²受体时,血管舒张。
3、血压:皮下注射或低浓度静脉滴注时,脉压差增大。大剂量静脉注射时,收缩压和舒张压都升高。
4、平滑肌:起舒张作用
5、代谢:升高血糖作用
1、心脏:对心脏β¹受体起强大的激动作用,缩短舒张期和收缩期。
2、血管:主要激动β²受体使骨骼肌血管舒张。
3、血压:静脉滴注时,收缩压升高舒张压略降;静脉注射则引起舒张压明显下降。
4、支气管平滑肌:起舒张作用。
临床应用 休克、药物中毒性低血压、上消化道出血 心脏骤停、过敏性休克、支气管哮喘、与局麻药配伍及局部止血 支气管哮喘、房室传导阻滞、心脏骤停、感染性休克
不良反应 若静脉滴注时间过长,浓度过高或药液漏出血管,可引起局部组织缺血死。滴注时间过长或剂量过大,可能导致急性肾功能衰竭 主要为心悸、烦躁、头痛、血压升高(老年人慎用)。 可能使心肌耗氧量增加,引起心肌缺血和心律失常,甚至心室纤颤,应严格掌握用量。 常见为心悸、头晕。支气管哮喘病人若使用剂量过大,可致心肌耗氧量增加,易引起心律失常,甚至是危险性心动过速及房室颤动。
禁忌症 禁用于高血压、动脉硬化症、器质性心脏病及少尿、无尿及严重微循环障碍的病人 高血压、脑动脉硬化、器质性心脏病、糖尿病和甲状腺功能亢进症 冠心病、心肌炎、甲状腺功能亢进症

 

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    2022-06-15 Doctoryangbai

    点赞👍

    0

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    2022-01-13 729787690

    很好的终结,图文并茂

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706014, encodeId=a6551e06014c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=208c49e10cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#异丙肾上腺素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49710, encryptionId=208c49e10cf, topicName=异丙肾上腺素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f4f531117419, createdName=liuyg0238, createdTime=Sat Dec 25 11:29:01 CST 2021, time=2021-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895242, encodeId=55f8189524222, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce478241e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82417, encryptionId=ce478241e0b, topicName=肾上腺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dba135, createdName=xuyong523, createdTime=Tue Aug 16 00:29:01 CST 2022, time=2022-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1226693, encodeId=fd651226693f6, content=点赞👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLyXfB3bOYOsDt885AsrYWhiaRtRdPh9aZlXugm7XErBVXusv5fJLIKWTicmjSQcOibDiaLzE2YMD44PA/132, createdBy=49f71976501, createdName=Doctoryangbai, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 23:11:54 CST 2022, time=2022-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1183829, encodeId=3e57118382967, content=很好的终结,图文并茂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b5d3045764, createdName=729787690, createdTime=Thu Jan 13 10:47:39 CST 2022, time=2022-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083960, encodeId=4e43108396036, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55735489026, createdName=赵晓瑜, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 16:31:56 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1081846, encodeId=591a1081846b9, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=383f5611431, createdName=ms3000001530930540, createdTime=Sun Dec 19 17:52:34 CST 2021, time=2021-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284949, encodeId=c97f1284949ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b67d8244123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82441, encryptionId=b67d8244123, topicName=肾上腺素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Wed Dec 15 02:29:01 CST 2021, time=2021-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-24 赵晓瑜

    学习了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1706014, encodeId=a6551e06014c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=208c49e10cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#异丙肾上腺素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=49710, encryptionId=208c49e10cf, topicName=异丙肾上腺素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f4f531117419, createdName=liuyg0238, createdTime=Sat Dec 25 11:29:01 CST 2021, time=2021-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895242, encodeId=55f8189524222, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce478241e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82417, encryptionId=ce478241e0b, topicName=肾上腺)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8dba135, createdName=xuyong523, createdTime=Tue Aug 16 00:29:01 CST 2022, time=2022-08-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1226693, encodeId=fd651226693f6, content=点赞👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLyXfB3bOYOsDt885AsrYWhiaRtRdPh9aZlXugm7XErBVXusv5fJLIKWTicmjSQcOibDiaLzE2YMD44PA/132, createdBy=49f71976501, createdName=Doctoryangbai, createdTime=Wed Jun 15 23:11:54 CST 2022, time=2022-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1183829, encodeId=3e57118382967, content=很好的终结,图文并茂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b5d3045764, createdName=729787690, createdTime=Thu Jan 13 10:47:39 CST 2022, time=2022-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083960, encodeId=4e43108396036, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55735489026, createdName=赵晓瑜, createdTime=Fri Dec 24 16:31:56 CST 2021, time=2021-12-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1081846, encodeId=591a1081846b9, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=383f5611431, createdName=ms3000001530930540, createdTime=Sun Dec 19 17:52:34 CST 2021, time=2021-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1284949, encodeId=c97f1284949ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b67d8244123' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肾上腺素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82441, encryptionId=b67d8244123, topicName=肾上腺素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=325a197, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Wed Dec 15 02:29:01 CST 2021, time=2021-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-19 ms3000001530930540

    学习了

    0

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