Nat Rev Microbiol:微生物和细胞外矿物质的关键相互作用

2016-09-30 佚名 生物谷

日前,一项刊登于国际杂志Nature Reviews Microbiology上的综述文章指出,一些在土壤、水体以及地下沉积物中富集的矿物质能够通过供给电子或将其储存为“环境电池”来支持微生物的生长,一些微生物细胞能够从来自细胞壁外部和矿物质相关的金属衍生出化学能量,但在很多时候,微生物的细胞并不能使得矿物质渗透进入,或者说这些微生物细胞并不具有导电性。由于这些屏障的存在,一些微生物就会开始进

日前,一项刊登于国际杂志Nature Reviews Microbiology上的综述文章指出,一些在土壤、水体以及地下沉积物中富集的矿物质能够通过供给电子或将其储存为“环境电池”来支持微生物的生长,一些微生物细胞能够从来自细胞壁外部和矿物质相关的金属衍生出化学能量,但在很多时候,微生物的细胞并不能使得矿物质渗透进入,或者说这些微生物细胞并不具有导电性。由于这些屏障的存在,一些微生物就会开始进化出特殊的策略来同细胞外的矿物质交换电子,本文中研究者就阐明了如何理解这种机制来促进细胞所需电子的交换。

具有胞外电子转移能力的微生物或许在环境可持续的生物技术应用领域上具有一定潜力,一些生物除污技术就能够利用这些微生物来降解土壤、地下水和沉淀物中的污染物,而且生物采矿领域也能够利用微生物来替代一些诸如过热或毒性化合物的提取方法,从而以一种低污染高效的方法从低级别的矿石中提取出目标元素。熟练矿物质电子转移的微生物或许还能在很多领域中有较广泛的应用,比如催化、半导体制造、低能量微生物染料、癌症疗法、清洁生物能源的开发和利用等。

微生物的细胞被膜含有胞质膜,其是细胞隔离外界环境的主要屏障,同时胞质膜还是必要的微生物能量产生的关键电子转移的链条,但通常其包含有外部的结构元件,这些结构元件能够使得微生物细胞具有电子非导体型并且不能使得矿物质渗入细胞中,微生物的细胞外电子转移通过利用一系列用作电子交换的特殊进化机制来克服细胞的屏障,这些相同的策略也表明,具有细胞外电子转移能力的微生物或许能够潜在用作生物技术应用领域。

这项研究中,研究者总结了过去十年以来的一些实质性进展,对于理解微生物细胞外电子转移的机制或许非常重要。研究者在文章中总结的内容如下:1)在四种模式微生物中有代表性的电子转移通路的分子识别和功能特性描述;2)微生物细胞中发生的电子转移反应;3)电子转移通络或许具有双向性,而且利用纳米线或多细胞的“电缆细菌”就能够实现不同微生物细胞间的直接电子转移,甚至在不同种的细菌都能够实现电子转移;4)矿物质能够扮演电子导体或者电池。

与此同时,研究者还在文章中讨论了知识的差距,其中包括理解内部的电子转移机制,如何在原子分辨力水下捕获活性蛋白的分子结构,以及纳米线和“电缆细菌”如何发挥作用。

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    2017-07-14 liye789132251
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    2017-08-07 sunylz
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    2017-06-30 xjy02
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    2016-10-02 ylz8405

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