Cell Report:巨噬细胞代谢产物-羊毛甾醇,能够抑制过免疫反应提高细菌清除率

2017-06-29 MedSci MedSci原创

总体而言,这项实验的数据表明,羊毛甾醇是巨噬细胞免疫的内源性选择性调节剂,能够达到抑制过免疫反应,并且提高巨噬细胞吞噬细菌的活性。未来通过调节羊毛甾醇的积累可能可以减轻细菌感染所引起的败血症等免疫疾病。

巨噬细胞是吞噬细菌并分泌促炎和抗微生物介质的先天免疫(innate immunity)的效应细胞。他们可以感受各种引起炎症和免疫反应的刺激,并通过调整其基因表达以提供防止微生物感染和维持组织稳态的反应。TLR4是巨噬细胞上,识别细菌细胞壁糖蛋白的受体。当受到刺激后,为了响应TLR4激活,巨噬细胞激活了调节炎症反应的分子机制,包括通过激活转录因子如: NF-κB, AP-1和干扰素调节因子(IRF)3。先对于基因调控的机制,巨噬细胞在激活后产生的代谢产物如何调节其功能的报导则知之甚少。

在最新的一期Cell Report杂志中,Elisa Araldi及其同事报道了他们的发现:巨噬细胞的先天免疫反应和胆固醇代谢有着十分重要的相关性。

研究人员报告巨噬细胞中TLR4的激活,会导致胆固醇生物合成途径中第一个甾醇中间体:羊毛甾醇(lanosterol)积累。这种作用是TLR4信号通路得到激活后,由于I型干扰素(IFN)的表达上升,导致依赖其转录的组蛋白脱乙酰酶1(HDAC1)的转录上升。后者作为第二信号,抑制羊毛甾素-14α-脱甲基酶的基因(Cyp51A1)转录下调。从而导致羊毛甾醇的代谢困难和积累。

研究人员进一步发现,使用用酮康唑(ketoconazole)治疗或者特异性的敲除小鼠巨噬细胞内的Cyp51A1的基因,所导致的巨噬细胞中的Lanosterol积累,会降低IFNβ介导的信号转导和转录激活因子STAT1,STAT2的激活,以及其他IFNβ刺激的基因表达。其结果是通过减少依赖IFNβ产生的促炎性的细胞因子分泌,而达到对于体内细菌感染和内毒素的刺激后存活率的上升。这一现象,证明巨噬细胞激活后羊毛甾醇的积累,其实是作为一种反馈机制,达到负调控免疫信号的放大,从而避免过度的炎症反应。

此外研究人员还发现,羊毛甾醇积累能够增加巨噬细胞的膜流动性和ROS产生,从而增强其细胞的吞噬作用和杀死细菌的能力。因为,羊毛甾醇积累可以增加在李斯特菌感染后的脾脏和肝脏中的细菌清除率,并以此增强其抵抗力。

总体而言,这项实验的数据表明,羊毛甾醇是巨噬细胞免疫的内源性选择性调节剂,能够达到抑制过免疫反应,并且提高巨噬细胞吞噬细菌的活性。未来通过调节羊毛甾醇的积累可能可以减轻细菌感染所引起的败血症等免疫疾病。

原始出处:
Araldi et al. Lanosterol Modulates TLR4-Mediated Innate Immune Responses in Macrophages, 2017, Cell Reports. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.093

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    2017-11-11 维他命
  4. 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  5. 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content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/24/df6c94c647a03bde8d77b50c4fb4d531.jpg, createdBy=c84e2076847, createdName=159****9725, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 10:11:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. 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  7. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K1RUfOKQohib4bXhDtxVgOA9VcKY1LUZkCOmr0v3WupxANz2ibibNHkdevtSruvrhyI29IjXdtvUV48/0, createdBy=6ff82057534, createdName=139****5926, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 12:03:24 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216631, encodeId=4d5a216631bb, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 11:18:24 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216623, encodeId=6b93216623a0, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/24/df6c94c647a03bde8d77b50c4fb4d531.jpg, createdBy=c84e2076847, createdName=159****9725, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 10:11:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-29 吴教授

    学习了,学习了

    0

  8. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K1RUfOKQohib4bXhDtxVgOA9VcKY1LUZkCOmr0v3WupxANz2ibibNHkdevtSruvrhyI29IjXdtvUV48/0, createdBy=6ff82057534, createdName=139****5926, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 12:03:24 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216631, encodeId=4d5a216631bb, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 11:18:24 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216623, encodeId=6b93216623a0, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/24/df6c94c647a03bde8d77b50c4fb4d531.jpg, createdBy=c84e2076847, createdName=159****9725, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 10:11:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-29 139****5926

    好文章学习了

    0

  9. 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topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K1RUfOKQohib4bXhDtxVgOA9VcKY1LUZkCOmr0v3WupxANz2ibibNHkdevtSruvrhyI29IjXdtvUV48/0, createdBy=6ff82057534, createdName=139****5926, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 12:03:24 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216631, encodeId=4d5a216631bb, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 11:18:24 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216623, encodeId=6b93216623a0, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/24/df6c94c647a03bde8d77b50c4fb4d531.jpg, createdBy=c84e2076847, createdName=159****9725, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 10:11:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-29 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

  10. 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content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/09/24/df6c94c647a03bde8d77b50c4fb4d531.jpg, createdBy=c84e2076847, createdName=159****9725, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 10:11:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-29 159****9725

    学习了谢谢

    0

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肝脏的肉芽肿是由炎症反应引起的,因为聚集了密集的巨噬细胞所组成的组织结构。研究人员发现,在感染了曼氏血吸虫后,在虫卵周围形成的肝肉芽肿是机体产生2型免疫反应的结果。对限制组织损伤和肝毒性以及控制寄生虫有重要作用。在缺乏维生素A的情况下,肝脏的肉芽肿的缺失,这表明机体不能有效的将M2型局势细胞转化成M1局势细胞,从而可能导致蠕虫感染期间发生的炎症反应缺陷。

Cell Report:寄生虫分泌的囊泡能够抑制机体的免疫能力

寄生虫的细胞外囊泡可以抑制巨噬细胞激活和IL-33信号的激活,并且以此抑制机体针对线虫的免疫机制。接种细胞外囊泡能够引起对于蠕虫感染的免疫反应,有作为疫苗的潜力。

Blood:纤溶酶原/纤溶酶能够抑制炎症平复组织损伤

这些发现表明,溶酶原/纤溶酶调节炎症平息的几个关键步骤,即介导促进嗜中性粒细胞凋亡,M2型巨噬细胞的分化和清除受损或死亡细胞,这些过程能有效的抑制炎症,使炎症平息,对组织的修复有重要的作用。未来可以因此开发基于溶酶原/纤溶酶的抑制炎症和组织损伤的疗法治疗急性的系统性炎症,比如溃烂性肠炎和细菌引起的败血症等。

2017年5月Science期刊不得不看的亮点研究

2017年5月31日/生物谷BIOON/---5月份即将结束了,5月份Science期刊又有哪些亮点研究值得学习呢?小编对此进行了整理,与各位分享。 1.Science:重磅!开发出延缓癌细胞生长的新方法 doi:10.1126/science.aai9372 癌症是一种非常复杂的疾病,但是它的定义是相当简单的:细胞发生异常和不受控制地生长。如今,在一项新的研究中,来自美国罗彻斯特大

Diabetes:骨髓去乙酰化酶6缺乏会导致高脂喂养的小鼠诱发巨噬细胞极化的M1表型产生胰岛素耐受性

局部组织中与肥胖相关的胰岛素耐受性和巨噬细胞积累以及随后的细胞因子释放密切相关。去乙酰化酶(Sirt)6已知具有抗炎作用,但其在与肥胖相关的巨噬细胞方面的作用还没有被报道。在此,我们创造了一个特异性骨髓Sirt6缺乏的小鼠(mS6KO)并在高脂喂养(HFD)16周后观察了其新陈代谢特征。与同窝出生的野生型小鼠相比,高脂喂养的小鼠mS6KO在体重、空腹血糖和胰岛素水平、肝脂肪变性、葡萄糖耐受不良和胰

Gut:单核细胞源性巨噬细胞可缓解术后肠道炎症和肠道梗阻

单核细胞来源的巨噬细胞在手术创伤后肠道内环境稳态恢复中发挥了关键作用