Lancet Infect Dis:麻风病的多药治疗:消除之路的“游戏”改变者

2017-10-18 易湛苗,王淳 环球医学

麻风病是麻风是由麻风杆菌引起的一种慢性传染病,主要病变在皮肤和周围神经。感染的潜伏期可以是2~10年,疾病的体征或症状可能需要20年才会出现,这是妨碍消除疾病的一个因素。2017年9月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》的一项由英国、瑞士、美国、乌干达等国进行的研究,回顾了多药治疗对消除麻风病的作用。

麻风病是麻风是由麻风杆菌引起的一种慢性传染病,主要病变在皮肤和周围神经。感染的潜伏期可以是2~10年,疾病的体征或症状可能需要20年才会出现,这是妨碍消除疾病的一个因素。2017年9月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》的一项由英国、瑞士、美国、乌干达等国进行的研究,回顾了多药治疗对消除麻风病的作用。

超过100个国家有麻风病,而麻风病仍然是周围神经病变和残疾的主要原因。消除这种疾病的尝试面临各种障碍,包括致病的麻风分枝杆菌的特征:潜伏期长、对其传播方式的了解有限以及培养基生长不良。幸运的是,麻风杆菌对多种抗菌药敏感。第一个被广泛用于麻风病治疗的抗菌药为1950年的氨苯砜,该药使用了数年,并与细菌耐药的增加相关。因此,1981年,WHO推荐所有麻风病注册患者需要接受三种抗菌药的联合治疗:利福平、氯苯吩嗪和氨苯砜。这种高度有效的多药治疗在全球的实施花了大约15年。1985年,530万患者接受了多药治疗;1991年,该数字降至310万(降低了42%);到2000年,降至597232人(降低接近90%)。注册治疗患者数的降低是由于治疗方案的缩短,并实现了多药治疗的100%覆盖。归功于WHO和多药治疗组成部分的捐助者,这一成就促使WHO于1991年制定了全球目标——到2000年,患者数将少于1/100000例,以消除该疾病作为公共卫生问题。 除15个国家以外,所有国家都实现了这一目标。自2000年以来,每年检出约25万新的麻风病例。研究人员相信,由全球麻风病联盟发起的全面性运动可将该数字降至零。

专家点评:多药治疗的实施是一项艰巨的任务,不仅是因为治疗全球麻风患者人数超过500万人所需的药量巨大,而且还因为需要复杂的物流和管理来确保患者能够用到药物。两个机构分别从1994年到1999年、2000年起进行了药物捐赠,这些捐赠在消除麻风病中起着至关重要的作用。

原始出处:Smith CS, Aerts A, Saunderson P, et al. Multidrug therapy for leprosy: a game changer on the path to elimination. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Sep;17(9)

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    2017-12-20 howi
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    2017-10-19 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.了解了解

    0

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    2017-10-18 有备才能无患

    麻风病是麻风是由麻风杆菌引起的一种慢性传染病.主要病变在皮肤和周围神经.感染的潜伏期可以是2~10年.疾病的体征或症状可能需要20年才会出现.这是妨碍消除疾病的一个因素.

    0

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