注意:可导致失明的常用药物 !

2016-03-03 张药师 药评中心

据研究发现,视网膜的新陈代谢特别旺盛,血流量比脑组织要多20倍左右,且与某些药物具有高度的结合力,尤其长期大量用药的情况下,极易受到损害。以下几种药物如果应用不慎,可能引起失明,务必高度警惕! 1异维A酸 异维A酸常用于重度痤疮,尤其适用于结节囊肿型痤疮。因作用于结膜、角膜,可引起结膜炎、严重者角膜混浊、视力障碍、视乳头水肿。孕妇服后可引起胎儿先天无目。 异维A酸可致出生缺陷,万勿妊

据研究发现,视网膜的新陈代谢特别旺盛,血流量比脑组织要多20倍左右,且与某些药物具有高度的结合力,尤其长期大量用药的情况下,极易受到损害。以下几种药物如果应用不慎,可能引起失明,务必高度警惕!

1异维A酸

异维A酸常用于重度痤疮,尤其适用于结节囊肿型痤疮。因作用于结膜、角膜,可引起结膜炎、严重者角膜混浊、视力障碍、视乳头水肿。孕妇服后可引起胎儿先天无目。
 
异维A酸可致出生缺陷,万勿妊娠。在服用任一剂量异维A酸期间发生妊娠,即使只是短期服用,都有极高的风险导致严重出生缺陷。育龄期妇女或其配偶在开始服用异维A酸治疗前3个月、治疗期间及停药后三个月内应采用有效的避孕措施。

2羟氯喹和氯喹

抗疟药羟氯喹和氯喹,特别羟氯喹现多用于类风湿关节炎,青少年慢性关节炎,盘状和系统性红斑狼疮等疾病的治疗。
 
羟氯喹和氯喹因作用于视网膜,可引起畏光、色视受损、视力下降,进而中央反射消失(视红色盲),失明。在开始治疗前,所有患者均应进行眼科学检查,检查包括视力灵敏度、眼科镜检、中心视野和色觉等。此后,应每年至少检查一次。

3氯霉素滴眼液

氯霉素滴眼液大剂量长期使用(≥3个月)可引起视神经炎或视神经乳头炎(特别是小儿)。
 
长期应用滴眼液的患者,应事先作眼部检查,并密切注意患者的视功能和视神经炎的症状,一旦出现即停药。同时服用维生素c和维生素B。

4利奈唑胺

在利奈唑胺治疗的患者中,有周围神经病和视神经病变有时进展至失明的报道,主要为治疗时间超过了28天的最长推荐疗程的患者,在小于28天的患者中,有视力模糊的报道。
 
如患者出现视力损害的症状,如:视敏度改变、色觉改变、视力模糊或视野缺损等,应及时进行眼科检查。
 
5胺碘酮

采用胺碘酮治疗心脏病的患者,连续用药1~3个月,可出现角膜微沉淀,在成人中几乎会普遍地出现,这种角膜微沉淀由复合的脂质沉积组成,在停止胺碘酮治疗后通常完全可逆。
 
但在出现视觉模糊不清或者视觉敏锐度出现下降时,必须立即实施完全的眼科评估,包括观察眼底。如果出现了胺碘酮诱导的神经病或视神经炎时,由于存在着进展为失明的危险性,所以有必要停止胺碘酮治疗。

6糖皮质激素

由于作用于视神经和晶体,可引起眼压升高,颅内压升高,视神经乳头水肿,视力丧失(尤其是儿童);也可使晶体透明度减退,视敏度不可逆下降,形成白内障。
 
长期应用糖皮质激素者,应定期眼科检查,注意白内障、青光眼或眼部感染的发生。

7抗结核药

抗结核药链霉素、异烟肼、乙胺丁醇、利福平对视神经都有一定的损害作用,可引起视功能障碍。
 
乙胺丁醇可发生球后视神经炎、视网膜出血及色素变化,如视野缩小、红绿色分辨力减退,严重者可丧失视力。
 
异烟肼可引起视神经炎及视神经萎缩等。停药后可恢复。若与维生素B6合用,眼损害的发生率会减少。

8贝伐珠单抗

可致葡萄膜炎和玻璃体炎,视网膜脱落,视网膜色素上皮撕裂,眼内压增加,眼内出血,结膜出血。某些情况可导致永久性失明。上述报告来源于未经批准的玻璃体内使用感染性眼内炎。
 
9替格瑞洛

替格瑞洛及其主要代谢产物能可逆性地与血小板P2Y12ADP受体相互作用,抑制血小板聚集。替格瑞洛可致眼内出血伴永久性失明。
 
10其它

硝苯地平:有血药浓度峰值时瞬间失明的报道。
 
泛影葡胺:脑血管造影和其它检查时,动脉血流内高浓度对比剂进入脑部可以伴发一过性神经症状,如视觉障碍,畏光,短暂性失明。
 
更昔洛韦:有视觉异常,玻璃体异常,眼出血,眼痛,青光眼,弱视,失明的报道。
 
去铁胺:可致视力模糊,视力下降,视力丧失,视觉敏感度降低、颜色视力受损,夜盲,视野缺损,盲点,视网膜病,视神经炎,白内障,角膜浊斑。

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    2016-03-04 lyh994

    是药三分毒啊

    0

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    2016-03-03 tiffany8083

    好高级哟

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2085380, encodeId=9c832085380d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70f14863158' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#常用药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48631, encryptionId=70f14863158, topicName=常用药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 00:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619180, encodeId=82f1161918042, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=049148630cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#常用药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48630, encryptionId=049148630cb, topicName=常用药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67151, encodeId=b4dd6e15177, content=是药三分毒啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 09:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67130, encodeId=6af36e130d8, content=好高级哟, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160219/IMG56C6C68249B6F6895.jpg, createdBy=4a1b1689144, createdName=tiffany8083, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 23:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67128, encodeId=8f906e12814, content=关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 22:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67060, encodeId=a6e46e060bb, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 17:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67047, encodeId=bc936e047b4, content=这些慎用啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=86be1670731, createdName=harry37640, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 17:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-03 cjingjuan

    关注

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2085380, encodeId=9c832085380d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70f14863158' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#常用药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48631, encryptionId=70f14863158, topicName=常用药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 00:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619180, encodeId=82f1161918042, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=049148630cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#常用药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48630, encryptionId=049148630cb, topicName=常用药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67151, encodeId=b4dd6e15177, content=是药三分毒啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 09:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67130, encodeId=6af36e130d8, content=好高级哟, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160219/IMG56C6C68249B6F6895.jpg, createdBy=4a1b1689144, createdName=tiffany8083, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 23:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67128, encodeId=8f906e12814, content=关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 22:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67060, encodeId=a6e46e060bb, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 17:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67047, encodeId=bc936e047b4, content=这些慎用啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=86be1670731, createdName=harry37640, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 17:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-03 忠诚向上

    好好学习

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2085380, encodeId=9c832085380d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70f14863158' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#常用药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48631, encryptionId=70f14863158, topicName=常用药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Dec 31 00:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619180, encodeId=82f1161918042, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=049148630cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#常用药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48630, encryptionId=049148630cb, topicName=常用药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 06:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67151, encodeId=b4dd6e15177, content=是药三分毒啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/24/1c2dbd6706e64df33befd6663f1d6b37.jpg, createdBy=94f61661779, createdName=lyh994, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 09:38:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67130, encodeId=6af36e130d8, content=好高级哟, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=121, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160219/IMG56C6C68249B6F6895.jpg, createdBy=4a1b1689144, createdName=tiffany8083, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 23:20:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67128, encodeId=8f906e12814, content=关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7c3865018, createdName=cjingjuan, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 22:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67060, encodeId=a6e46e060bb, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=142, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 17:15:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67047, encodeId=bc936e047b4, content=这些慎用啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=86be1670731, createdName=harry37640, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 17:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-03 harry37640

    这些慎用啊

    0

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