Health Technol Assess:孕期饮食和生活方式干预可以减少妊娠体重增加

2017-09-18 贾朝娟 环球医学

妊娠期体重增加或影响孕妇和婴儿近期和远期健康。在过去十年中,越来越多的女性在怀孕时超重或肥胖。2017年8月,发表在《Health Technol Assess》的一项研究显示,孕期饮食和生活方式干预可以减少妊娠体重增加,对母亲及胎儿符合结局没有影响。



妊娠期体重增加或影响孕妇和婴儿近期和远期健康。在过去十年中,越来越多的女性在怀孕时超重或肥胖。2017年8月,发表在《Health Technol Assess》的一项研究显示,孕期饮食和生活方式干预可以减少妊娠体重增加,对母亲及胎儿符合结局没有影响。

背景:基于饮食和体力活动的妊娠干预可能改变母亲和婴儿结局。

目的:通过开展个体患者数据(IPD)meta分析,根据母亲体重指数(BMI)、年龄、生育次数、白种人和潜在的疾病分亚组,在格亚组中评估饮食和生活方式干预是否有效。研究者还评估了妊娠体重增加(GWG) 和不良妊娠结局的关联,并评估干预的成本效果。

数据来源:MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane中心对照试验注册库、作用评价的摘要数据库和健康技术评估数据库,检索时间是2013年10月至2015年3月(更新以往的检索)。

评价方法:来自国际妊娠体重协作网的研究者分享了主要数据。对于每种干预类型和结局,研究者对所有女性(除体重偏低)和每个亚组,开展了一个两步IPD随机效应meta分析,获得总的效应估算值及95%置信区间(CIs),并合并亚组间作用的差异。在第1阶段中,研究者对每项研究分别拟合一个校正基线(连续性结局)的线性回归或逻辑模型(二进制结局);采用随机效应meta分析模型合并所有研究的估算值。研究者定量分析了体重增加和并发症之间的关联,并开展一个基于决策分析模型的经济学评估,评估干预的成本效果。

结果:饮食和生活方式干预平均减少GWG 0.70 kg(95%CI -0.92~-0.48 kg;33项研究,9320名女性)。对复合母亲结局的效应[总比值比(OR)0.90,95%CI 0.79至1.03;24项研究,8852名女性]及对复合胎儿/新生儿结局的效应(总OR 0.94,95%CI 0.83至1.08;18项研究,7981名女性)没有统计学差异。基线BMI、年龄、种族、生育次数或潜在疾病对GWG、复合母亲和胎儿结局的作用没有差异。生活方式干预在白种人有影响(OR 0.91,95% CI 0.83~0.99),但对其他个体母亲结局没有影响,例如妊娠糖尿病(OR 0.89,95% CI 0.72~1.10)、先兆子痫或妊娠诱发的高血压(OR 0.95,95% CI 0.78~1.16)和早产(OR 0.94,95% CI 0.78~1.13)。对胎儿结局没有明显作用。这些干预不具有成本效果。GWG,包括依从于医学研究所推荐的目标,与并发症减少无关。GWG预测因素是母亲年龄(总估算值–0.10kg, 95% CI –0.14~–0.06kg)和生育次数(总估算值–0.73kg,95% CI –1.24~–0.23kg)。

局限性:这些结果受到干预组分缺乏标准化、大多数分析中研究间作用残余的异质性以及某些研究中不可用IPD的局限。

结论:孕期饮食及生活方式干预仅可以减少妊娠增加体重,考虑其他危险因素时对于母亲及胎儿结局无影响。

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    2018-01-23 shizhenshan
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    2018-08-09 rgjl
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    2018-07-29 shock_melon
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    2017-09-20 dongjia2015
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    2017-09-18 中医痴

    不错的.学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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