Diabetes：营养更容易影响小于胎龄婴儿的身体组成

根据一项发表在2012年8月Diabetes期刊上的研究，配方奶喂养(formula-fed, FOF)的小于胎龄(small-for-gestational-age, SGA)婴儿要比母乳喂养(breastfed, BRF)的SGA婴儿拥有较高内分泌水平的高分子量脂联素(adiponectin)和胰岛素生长因子-I(insulin growth factor-I, IGF-I)。

来自比利时卢汶大学的研究员Francis de Zegher博士和同事们开展一项研究：对72名适于胎龄(appropriate-for-gestational-age, AGA)出生的对照婴儿与46名母乳喂养的SGA婴儿和56名配方奶喂养的SGA婴儿进行比较。配方奶喂养的婴儿吃标准配方奶或富含蛋白的配方奶。在出生时和四月大时，研究人员测量他们的身体组成、高分子量脂联素以及IGF-I。

在头4个月时，研究人员发现不论是接受母乳喂养还是接受配方奶喂养，SGA婴儿的追赶生长主要限于瘦体质量(lean mass)。相对于母乳喂养的AGA婴儿，母乳喂养的SGA婴儿拥有正常的高分子量脂联素和IGF-I水平。相反，配方奶喂养的SGA婴儿拥有水平增加的高分子量脂联素和IGF-I(特别是接受富含蛋白的配方奶喂养之后)。

总之，新生儿营养似乎影响更容易影响SGA婴儿的身体组成。

本文编译自Nutrition type affects endocrinology in SGA infants

doi: 10.2337/db11-1797
PMC:
PMID:

Body Composition and Circulating High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and IGF-I in Infants Born Small for Gestational Age Breast- Versus Formula-Feeding

Francis de Zegher1, Giorgia Sebastiani2,3, Marta Diaz2,3, David Sánchez-Infantes2,3, Abel Lopez-Bermejo4,5 and Lourdes Ibáñez

Prenatal growth restraint, if followed by postnatal overweight, confers risk for adult disease including diabetes. The mechanisms whereby neonatal nutrition may modulate such risk are poorly understood. We studied the effects of nutrition (breast-feeding [BRF] vs. formula-feeding [FOF]) on weight partitioning and endocrine state (as judged by high-molecular-weight [HMW] adiponectin and IGF-I) of infants born small for gestational age (SGA). Body composition (by absorptiometry), HMW adiponectin, and IGF-I were assessed at birth and 4 months in BRF infants born appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 72) and SGA infants receiving BRF (n = 46) or FOF (n = 56), the latter being randomized to receive a standard (FOF1) or protein-rich formula (FOF2). Compared with AGA-BRF infants, the catchup growth of SGA infants was confined to lean mass, independently of nutrition. Compared with AGA-BRF infants, SGA-BRF infants had normal HMW adiponectin and IGF-I levels at 4 months, whereas SGA-FOF infants had elevated levels of HMW adiponectin (particularly SGA-FOF1) and IGF-I (particularly SGA-FOF2). In conclusion, neonatal nutrition seems to influence endocrinology more readily than body composition of SGA infants. Follow-up will disclose whether the endocrine abnormalities in SGA-FOF infants can serve as early markers of an unfavorable metabolic course and whether they may contribute to design early interventions that prevent subsequent disease, including diabetes.