Nat Genet:没法活了……基因外的突变竟也能导致癌症进展?

2018-04-03 药明康德 学术经纬

随着对癌症机理认识的不断加深,我们已经找到了许多会导致癌症的基因突变,为患者带来了生命的希望。但在一个人的基因组里,只有2%的DNA是编码蛋白质信息的“基因”。剩下98%的DNA对癌症究竟有没有作用,有怎样的作用,至今依然没有一个定论。

随着对癌症机理认识的不断加深,我们已经找到了许多会导致癌症的基因突变,为患者带来了生命的希望。但在一个人的基因组里,只有2%的DNA是编码蛋白质信息的“基因”。剩下98%的DNA对癌症究竟有没有作用,有怎样的作用,至今依然没有一个定论。

今日,加州大学圣地亚哥分校(UCSD)的研究人员在《自然》子刊《Nature Genetics》上刊发了一项最新研究。他们发现在非编码DNA里,将近200个突变也在癌症的发生中起到了作用。这一研究证实了基因外的DNA突变会引起癌症,让我们对癌症的诊疗有了新的理解。

过去,我们对DNA突变致癌的理解相对还比较初级——基因里的突变会影响蛋白质的功能,异变的蛋白质会让细胞变得异常,导致癌症。现有的许多靶向疗法,背后的机理就是针对这些异变的蛋白质。

那么,基因之外的突变,会对癌症造成什么影响呢?研究人员们曾在15000个肿瘤样本中寻找这一问题的答案,但只发现了一个可能与癌症有关的突变。研究人员相信这是由于不同患者往往带有大量不同的基因外突变,这极大干扰了他们的搜索结果,让他们无法轻易找到突变与癌症之间的联系。

在这项研究里,科学家们做了多个改进。首先,他们从930名癌症患者中同时分离出了肿瘤样本和正常组织样本,用于比对。其次,他们不仅分析基因外突变与肿瘤类型的关系,还分析了基因外突变与基因表达量的关系。这一下子就抓到了问题的关键。


常见癌症类型里的常见突变

“检查基因表达量是我们成功的秘诀。”该研究的主要负责人之一Trey Ideker教授说道。

他们找到了193个非编码区的突变。这些突变在肿瘤中非常常见,大部分突变与癌症的关系能得到验证。为了进一步确认这些突变的机理,研究人员们挑选了3个突变,进行后续的研究。他们在细胞中重现了这些突变,然后观察这些细胞会发生怎样的变化。

“举例来说,我们找到了一个非编码的突变,它能影响一个叫做DAAM1的基因,”该研究的共同第一作者Wei Zhang博士说道:“DAAM1的激活则会让肿瘤细胞变得更有侵袭性,也能更好地侵入周围的组织。”

换句话说,这些非编码DNA的突变,也许能通过影响关键基因的表达,影响癌细胞的行为,推动癌症进展。

“许多癌症相关的突变都发生在非编码区,但它们的数量太多了,很难找到哪些真正和癌症相关,哪些只是噪音,” Ideker教授补充道:“在这个研究里,我们首次找到了近200个非编码DNA中的突变,它们可能在癌症中起作用。”

未来,研究人员们期待能将编码区和非编码区的突变结合起来看,寻找是否会在乳腺癌等特定的癌症类型中出现一定的规律。如果有,那这将给诸多癌症治疗带来全新的靶点,甚至是全新的疗法。

原始出处:

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1733986, encodeId=a9f51e33986ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Wed Feb 27 20:59:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686189, encodeId=933f16861896c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Wed Apr 18 00:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882940, encodeId=fcd0188294006, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 20 16:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048999, encodeId=b290204899951, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 17:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370938, encodeId=d99e13e093874, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 03:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-27 canlab
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1733986, encodeId=a9f51e33986ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Wed Feb 27 20:59:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686189, encodeId=933f16861896c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Wed Apr 18 00:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882940, encodeId=fcd0188294006, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 20 16:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048999, encodeId=b290204899951, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 17:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370938, encodeId=d99e13e093874, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 03:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1733986, encodeId=a9f51e33986ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Wed Feb 27 20:59:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686189, encodeId=933f16861896c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Wed Apr 18 00:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882940, encodeId=fcd0188294006, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 20 16:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048999, encodeId=b290204899951, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 17:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370938, encodeId=d99e13e093874, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 03:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-20 liye789132251
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1733986, encodeId=a9f51e33986ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Wed Feb 27 20:59:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686189, encodeId=933f16861896c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Wed Apr 18 00:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882940, encodeId=fcd0188294006, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 20 16:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048999, encodeId=b290204899951, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 17:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370938, encodeId=d99e13e093874, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 03:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-11 cy0324
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1733986, encodeId=a9f51e33986ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Wed Feb 27 20:59:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1686189, encodeId=933f16861896c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=66f3e93862' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Genet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7938, encryptionId=66f3e93862, topicName=Genet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d3e128296421, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Wed Apr 18 00:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1882940, encodeId=fcd0188294006, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 20 16:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048999, encodeId=b290204899951, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4363e929ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Gene#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7929, encryptionId=4363e929ad, topicName=Gene)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 17:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1370938, encodeId=d99e13e093874, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=hb2008ye, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 03:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-05 hb2008ye

相关资讯

Cell:重磅!曹雪涛团队发现晚期癌症恶化新机制

3月29日,《细胞》杂志发表了中国工程院院士、南开大学校长曹雪涛团队的研究论文,报道了在晚期癌症肿大的脾脏中发现了一种称之为Ter细胞的新型红细胞样亚群,此细胞能够通过分泌神经营养因子artemin而促进癌症恶性进展,该发现为癌症预后判断和干预治疗提出了新思路。

美国癌症死亡率下降26%!重要的原因竟是……

今年年初,美国癌症学会(ACS)发布了关于2018癌症统计的年度报告,发病率和死亡率均下降了,其中,最让人感到惊讶的是一个数据:26%。这个数据是怎么回事呢?原来,据这份年度报告显示,美国癌症总体死亡率相比2017年又下降了1.7%。也就是说,自1991年来,美国癌症死亡率已经下降了26%。可能26%这个数据还不是很直观,按照人数来算的话,这相当于近240万人逃过了癌症死亡的魔爪。报告指出,癌症死

NCCN临床实践指南:癌症相关性静脉血栓栓塞性疾病(2018.V1)

2018年3月,美国国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)发布了癌症相关性静脉血栓栓塞性疾病指南2018年第1版,指南主要内容涉及: 更新摘要 住院患者静脉血栓栓塞的预防 急性前静脉血栓形成 急性深静脉血栓 急性肺栓塞 肝素诱导性血小板减少症 内脏静脉血栓形成 癌症患者的静脉血栓栓塞的危险因素 预防性或治疗性抗凝治疗的禁忌症以及机械预防的禁忌症 住院患者和门诊患者预防性抗凝治疗 抗凝治疗静脉血栓栓塞 逆转抗

癌症到底是怎么来的?省出来的

不幸得了癌症,很多人第一反应是:为什么是我?为什么癌症偏偏找上我?是啊,癌症到底是怎么来的?!怎么就找上门了?一、癌症是省出来的!1. 食物发霉不舍得扔,省出肝癌。花生、玉米、豆类等淀粉含量高的食物,一旦霉变,最好扔掉。因为淀粉在高温和潮湿的环境下会滋生导致肝癌的黄曲霉菌,而黄曲霉素,多种研究表明,它是最强的化学致癌物,1毫克就是致癌剂量。如果发现有一颗花生坏了,那一碗花生米,或者是存放的一袋花生

Science:癌症疗法新思路!抑制癌细胞脱落标志性蛋白 促进免疫系统对癌症发起攻击!

日前,一项刊登在国际杂志Science上题为“Antibody-mediated inhibition of MICA and MICB shedding promotes NK cell–driven tumor immunity”的研究报告中,来自美国达纳-法伯癌症研究所和布莱根妇女医院的科学家们通过研究发现,将一种特殊抗体引入到癌症小鼠模型机体中就能有效抑制配体从肿瘤细胞表面逃逸,同时还能促

2018全新:中国“癌势力”地区划分图绘制完成

随着经济、社会、环境以及生活方式等多方面的改变,我国恶性肿瘤发病人数也快速增长,同时,发达国家高发的肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌的发病率在我国迅速上升;发展中国家高发的胃癌、肝癌、食管癌等亦居高不下,形成发达国家与发展中国家癌谱并存的局面。近日,国家癌症中心发布了最新一期的全国癌症报告,报告分地区对我国的恶性肿瘤发病和死亡情况进行了分析,其中的数据来源于2017年全国肿瘤登记中心收集汇总的全国31省、市