Nat Commun:表观遗传调控因子Mll1介导Wnt通路驱动的肠道癌的发生和肿瘤干性的维持

2020-12-27 xiaozeng MedSci原创

既往研究显示,Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路能够调控成体干细胞的自我更新并促进肿瘤的发生。激活的Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路被证实与结肠癌和许多其他癌症相关。由A

既往研究显示,Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路能够调控成体干细胞的自我更新并促进肿瘤的发生。激活的Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路被证实与结肠癌和许多其他癌症相关。由APC、Gsk3β和Axin1/2组成的破坏复合物的失活可提高β-catenin的稳定性,若无该复合物作用则会使得β-catenin被磷酸化和泛素化,并最终通过蛋白酶体途径降解。

越来越多的证据显示,Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路对于肠癌的发生和肠癌干细胞的维持至关重要。该通路中的相关基因突变会通过促进β-catenin异常的稳定性和过度的激活诱发肠道癌的发生。


在该研究中,研究人员鉴定了组蛋白甲基转移酶Mll1是Wnt通路驱动肠癌发生的一个调节因子。研究人员发现,Mll1在Lgr5+干细胞以及细胞核β-catenin表达升高的人结肠癌组织中高表达。高表达水平的MLL1与结肠癌患者的不良预后相关。

在结肠癌和Lgr5+肠道干细胞中Mll1高表达

Mll1基因敲除小鼠模型能够有效的预防由Lgr5+肠道干细胞形成的Wnt/β-catenin驱动的腺瘤的产生。敲除Mll1能够减少人结肠癌肿瘤球的自我更新,并抑制移植瘤的生长。


进一步的研究显示,Mll1可调控干细胞相关基因(包括Wnt/β-catenin靶基因Lgr5)的表达水平。当缺乏Mll1时,干细胞启动子区域的组蛋白甲基化修饰从激活的H3K4三甲基化状态转变为抑制性的H3K27三甲基化状态,说明Mll1能够通过拮抗PRC2介导的H3K27三甲基化基因沉默机制来维持干细胞相关基因的表达。携带Wnt突变的肠道肿瘤起始细胞的转录组学分析显示,Mll1能够调节Gata4/6转录因子的表达,而该转录因子可维持癌细胞的干性并调控杯状细胞的分化。

Mll1通过表观遗传学调控干细胞相关基因的表达

综上,该研究结果显示,Mll1是Wnt/β-catenin通路介导的肠道肿瘤发生和肿瘤干细胞特性维持的重要的表观遗传调控因子。


原始出处:

Grinat, J., Heuberger, J., Vidal, R.O. et al. The epigenetic regulator Mll1 is required for Wnt-driven intestinal tumorigenesis and cancer stemness. Nat Commun 11, 6422 (21 December 2020).

 

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    2020-12-28 zhwj

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