眼睛这么干会瞎掉吗?干眼病防治误区多

2017-07-23 龚岚/复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院眼科主任医师 澎湃新闻

小梁今年刚从名牌大学毕业,一毕业就找到了一份电脑软件设计的工作,白天上班8个小时,几乎都在电脑前度过,晚上和周末加班是常态。下了班,小梁还喜欢打手游放松一下。还没过多久,小梁就有了烦恼,他总觉得眼睛干干的涩涩的,看电脑没多久眼睛就难受得不行,这究竟是怎么了?经过医生的检查以后发现,原来小梁是得干眼病啦!种种的眼睛不舒服都是泪液的异常引起的。医生告诉小梁,干眼病的患者因为泪液的缺乏或泪液蒸发过强,出

小梁今年刚从名牌大学毕业,一毕业就找到了一份电脑软件设计的工作,白天上班8个小时,几乎都在电脑前度过,晚上和周末加班是常态。下了班,小梁还喜欢打手游放松一下。还没过多久,小梁就有了烦恼,他总觉得眼睛干干的涩涩的,看电脑没多久眼睛就难受得不行,这究竟是怎么了?

经过医生的检查以后发现,原来小梁是得干眼病啦!种种的眼睛不舒服都是泪液的异常引起的。医生告诉小梁,干眼病的患者因为泪液的缺乏或泪液蒸发过强,出现眼部的不适症状,并发生眼睛表面的损伤。干眼病的常见症状包括眼部干涩、烧灼感、异物感、畏光等。部分患者因为眼部干燥而对外界刺激敏感,主要症状可能反而表现为迎风流泪,或者无法耐受隐形眼镜等。

小梁一听顿时发现好多症状自己都有,也紧张了起来,为什么我会得干眼病呢?我的眼睛也会受到损伤吗?小梁产生了好多疑问,那让我们一起来进一步了解一下干眼病的其他信息吧。

“老年病”低龄化

干眼病是现代社会的常见慢性疾病,亚洲人群的发病率显着高于其他人群,在亚洲老年人群中的发病率可以达到50%以上。常见的发病人群是围绝经期或已绝经的女性、老年人。

当今社会,视频终端(即手机、电脑、电视等含有电子屏幕的电子设备)普遍进入多数人的日常生活,上至中老年人,下至刚识字的小朋友,人们面对电子屏幕的时间越来越长,近年来干眼病的发病有逐渐低龄化的趋势,曾经作为一种老年疾病的干眼病,如今在长期使用电脑的青年人群(如IT工作者、设计工作者、白领人群)中也常见了起来。青少年的干眼病也偶有发现。

干眼病新疗法

干眼病目前仍无根治的手段,医生告诉小梁,但可在人工泪液的帮助下缓解眼部症状、修复损伤,并维持长期的眼部舒适。日常保健则包括减少用眼,保证充足的睡眠,使用加湿器等。

小梁顿时感到的有些为难,工作实在太忙啦,请问医生是否还有别的治疗方式吗?于是眼科医生向小梁提供的目前较新的治疗方式——泪道栓塞和强脉冲光治疗,这些长效的治疗措施都能更好的满足忙碌的上班族需求。

(1)泪道栓塞

人体的眼部存在泪液的排出系统,泪点栓塞通过阻塞眼部泪液的排出管道,可以延长泪液以及人工泪液在眼部的停留时间从而达到治疗干眼的目的。对于单纯使用人工泪液治疗效果不佳的患者,这是很好的治疗方式。

同时,因为泪道栓塞治疗维持效果时间长,也适合日常工作及生活繁忙无暇,或不便随身携带并使用人工泪液的患者。

(2)强脉冲光治疗

强脉冲光(IPL)最初应用于医学美容及皮肤科的治疗,近年来发现对蒸发过强型干眼病也有较好的治疗效果,一个疗程(3-4次,一月一次)的治疗效果可达到6个月。目前,强脉冲光在美国已经作为一项可选择的治疗方法进行使用。部分患者的皮肤条件可能不适合进行该项治疗,治疗前需要充分参考专业医生的诊断及意见。

目前对于干眼病的治疗,提倡在明确干眼病具体类型后进行针对性的治疗。具体的干眼病分型以及可选择的长效治疗方法,可咨询相应的专业医师。

眼病常见误区

(1)我的眼睛这么干,我会瞎掉吗?

长期的眼部干燥可能会引起患者角膜及结膜损伤,但单纯的干眼病一般不会引起患者严重的视力下降,如果是继发于全身风湿免疫类疾病(如干燥综合征、类风湿性关节炎等)的干眼病,患者的角膜可能发生比较严重的损伤,需要综合治疗管理。若高度怀疑这些疾病可以通过实验室检查来进行排除。

(2)使用人工泪液会不会有依赖性?

正规医院开具的人工泪液都是安全可靠的,不具有依赖性。建议患者一旦出现干眼病的症状就可以使用,以避免角结膜的损伤。不建议患者长期使用

(3)干眼病是不是治不好?

干眼病目前仍无根治的手段,但可在医生的帮助下缓解眼部症状、修复损伤,并维持长期的眼部舒适。过分地焦虑病情可能会导致眼部不适感加重,建议患者要保持乐观的心情。

经过医生耐心解释后,小梁终于不再紧张了,通过泪点栓塞辅助常规治疗和日常保健,症状也缓解了许多,工作也没有受到明显的影响。我们也希望和小梁一样受到干眼困扰的患者能重新恢复双眼的舒适。

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    2017-07-25 pps20023

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