世界肾脏病日:肾脏健康,从儿童预防开始!

2016-03-10 Jeffrey MedSci原创

今天是第11个世界肾脏病日,今年的主题是:肾脏健康,从儿童预防开始!肾脏病影响世界数百万人的健康,包括许多儿童。因此,对于儿童来说,早期检测和保持健康生活方式非常重要,早期预防,治疗儿童先天性和后天性肾脏病。 近几年来,慢性肾脏病发病出现年轻化趋势,不少尿毒症患者岁数仅仅有二三十岁,最小的只有十几岁。每年青少年肾病患者以13%的速度快速增加,据统计,全国已有超300万青少



今天是第11个世界肾脏病日,今年的主题是:肾脏健康,从儿童预防开始!肾脏病影响世界数百万人的健康,包括许多儿童。因此,对于儿童来说,早期检测和保持健康生活方式非常重要,早期预防,治疗儿童先天性和后天性肾脏病。

近几年来,慢性肾脏病发病出现年轻化趋势,不少尿毒症患者岁数仅仅有二三十岁,最小的只有十几岁。每年青少年肾病患者以13%的速度快速增加,据统计,全国已有超300万青少年肾病患者,肾病已经成为严重危害青少年健康的重要疾病。因此,对青少年肾病患者的早期预防、明确诊断和有效治疗已成为当务之急。

肾脏是人体内复杂而重要的器官,主要功能是排除有毒物质和多余水分。肾脏同时有助于控制血压,产生血细胞以及保持骨健康。肾脏调节很多矿物质和分子水平,包括钠和钾,保持血液酸碱平衡。

慢性肾脏病(CKD)指由各种原因引起的肾脏结构和功能障碍(一般肾脏病史大于3个月)。CKD有可能导致肾功能丧失,导致肾衰竭(也称为终末期肾衰竭,ESRD),意味着要做定期透析治疗或肾移植。CKD也可能增加相关心血管疾病过早死亡风险(比如心脏病和中风)。如果CKD能够在早期检测和合理治疗,肾功能衰退就会减缓或停止,降低相关心血管疾病发生风险。

CKD产生原因

高血压糖尿病是肾脏病最常见原因。1/4肾衰竭病人由血压过高引起。糖尿病引发的CKD占1/3,它也是发达国家ESRD患者最常见原因。

其他不太常见的情况包括炎症(肾炎)或感染(肾盂肾炎)。CKD有时是遗传的(如多囊性疾病)或由于长期堵塞泌尿系统(如前列腺肥大或肾结石)。

有些药物可引起慢性肾脏病,尤其是长时间服用一些止痛药(镇痛药)。往往医生也不能确定造成了什么问题。

哪些情况孩子需要警惕肾脏疾病?

孩子排尿异常,遗尿、夜尿增多
孩子的眼睑、下肢突然肿胀
孩子的小便颜色异常,尿色呈烟灰水色或洗肉水色(肉眼血尿),尿中泡沫增多且短时间难以消退(多提示蛋白尿),尿量减少,血压异常
与感染相关,多继发于上呼吸道感染、皮肤感染
早期尿量异常,泡沫尿,尿疼,小孩子尿尿的时候会哭闹
不明原因的贫血
乏力、易疲劳、食欲减退
胎儿产检有泌尿系统异常
有肾脏疾病家族史

CKD治疗

CKD没法治愈,目前的治疗方法可减慢疾病进程,预防其它严重情况发生。主要的治疗方法是合理饮食和用药,对于ESRD,需要长期透析治疗或肾移植。早期肾脏病,合理饮食和用药有助于维持身体和肾脏平衡。如果是肾衰竭,有害物质和水分在体内积聚,则需要透析治疗,选择血液透析或腹膜透析。

CKD预防

保持健康和运动

保持身体健康和运动,降低血压,减少CKD风险。为了肾脏健康,动起来吧!走路、跑步、自行车,选择你喜欢的方式运动起来吧~

控制血糖水平

半数糖尿病人都会有肾损伤,所以对于糖尿病人定期检测肾功能很重要。早期检测可以减少肾损伤。所以控制血糖水平很有必要。

监测血压

虽然有很多有知道血压过高可能导致中风或心脏病,但少有人知道它也是肾损伤的常见原因。正常血压水平为120/80。在139/89之间,高血压前期,需要改善生活方式和饮食。140/90及以上,需要评估风险,监测血压水平。

保持饮食平衡

合理饮食,可预防糖尿病、心脏病和其它CKD相关疾病。减少盐摄入,建议盐摄入量为每天5-6克。每天摄入水份1.5-2升。少吃加工食品和快餐。

不要吸烟

吸烟会减慢血液流向肾脏。当很少血液到达肾脏时,就会损害正常肾功能。吸烟也会增加50%患肾癌的风险。

不要经常服用非处方药

常见的药物,如布洛芬等非甾体类抗炎药,如果经常服用会导致肾脏损害和疾病。

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    2016-03-10 破风4392

    预防为主防治结合

    0

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    2016-03-10 chenchuny

    预防为主!

    0

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    2016-03-10 lyrichen

    预防更重要了

    0

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    2016-03-10 jiangxianchen

    肾脏太重要了,现在缺少慢性肾脏疾病的大数据

    0

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    2016-03-10 layyjiangli

    健康的肾脏太重要了

    0

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