Nature:癌细胞通过自身死亡欺骗免疫细胞,实现转移

2016-04-17 MedSci MedSci原创

加州大学旧金山分校的科学家们第一次在一个小鼠转移癌模型中,直接观察到了当侵袭性癌细胞迁移到肺脏时它们是如何建立滩头阵地的。他们看到的非常令人惊讶:定位在肺脏的早期“先头”癌细胞通常死亡,但它们首先放出了一些僵尸样的颗粒,这些颗粒可以自身四处移动,被一波波免疫细胞所吞噬。就好像被这些癌症颗粒感染了一样,其中许多的免疫细胞随后会钻入到肺组织中,为未来通过血液漂浮安全定居并形成新转移灶的癌细胞开辟空间。

加州大学旧金山分校的科学家们第一次在一个小鼠转移癌模型中,直接观察到了当侵袭性癌细胞迁移到肺脏时它们是如何建立滩头阵地的。他们看到的非常令人惊讶:定位在肺脏的早期“先头”癌细胞通常死亡,但它们首先放出了一些僵尸样的颗粒,这些颗粒可以自身四处移动,被一波波免疫细胞所吞噬。就好像被这些癌症颗粒感染了一样,其中许多的免疫细胞随后会钻入到肺组织中,为未来通过血液漂浮安全定居并形成新转移灶的癌细胞开辟空间。这项研究发布在3月16日的《自然》(Nature)杂志上。

论文的资深作者、加州大学旧金山分校病理学教授Matthew Max Krummel博士说:“我们一直认为进入到健康组织中的侵袭性癌细胞或是存活下来变为转移灶,或是死亡而前功尽弃。让我们吃惊的是,我们看到当癌细胞破碎及死亡时,它们正在将免疫细胞转变为同伙,为下一个出现的癌细胞铺平了道路。”

Krummel和他的研究小组认为,全新地认识先头癌细胞与免疫系统的早期互作为转移性癌症做好准备的机制,将促使开发出更好的方法来治疗和预防人类侵袭性癌症。

新型成像技术突破实现了首次实现侵袭性癌症到达活体肺脏的可视化

在肺、脑、肝等重要的器官中,侵袭性转移是绝大多数癌症死亡的主要原因,但直到最近对于转移过程仍知之甚少。众所周知,癌症会指派一些免疫细胞去软化靶组织实现转移性侵袭,但却并不清楚这些机体保护细胞叛变的机制及原因。一种主导理论认为,肿瘤生成了一些分子信号重编程了免疫系统,使得新癌症转移灶容易扎根,但尚未确定这些信号与靶组织中免疫系统的互作机制。

论文的主要作者、加州大学旧金山分校博士后Mark B. Headley与Krumme实验室的同事们一起,将黑色素瘤注入到小鼠的血液中,追踪了这些癌细胞到达肺脏的情况,研究人员在肺脏中观察到了不同于他们想象的一个离奇且骇人的场景。早期的入侵者借助于流经血液的力量炸成碎片,但这些碎片仍然有自己的生命。

这些被Krummel称作为“无头骑兵”的碎片,沿着毛细血管壁爬行,在血液中穿行,深入肺脏中。研究人员还观察到注意到这种混乱的一些免疫细胞,大举包围僵尸癌症碎片,吞噬下它们。但这些细胞第一反应者的行为举止很快开始变得很奇怪,它们离开毛细血管,似乎在肺组织中为未来的癌细胞建起了保护巢。

Krummel说:“就好像古老的西部。拓荒者并不总是能生存下来,但我们的文明在这些早期定居者奠定的基础上缓慢地进步。这是以一种全新的方式来观察转移。”

对于免疫反应的新认识表明了治疗的可能性

Krummel和同事们发现,并非所有的免疫细胞都被僵尸癌症颗粒欺骗。在将癌细胞注入到小鼠体内后,研究人员观察了有数波不同的免疫细胞抵达肺脏。许多早期反应免疫细胞,例如单核细胞和巨噬细胞帮助了后来的癌细胞落脚。另一方面,通常晚期到达现场的树突状细胞似乎将癌症识别为一种威胁:在吞下癌细胞颗粒后,它们移动到小鼠的淋巴结处,激活了其他免疫细胞返回肺脏、攻击所有初期的转移灶。

Krummel说,这一认识促成了一种新假说来解释一些侵袭性癌症能够生根而另一些则不能的原因。“我们认为在成功的转移中,存在一种不平衡现象:过多的细胞被肿瘤编程,接受癌细胞为无害细胞,而过少的细胞获得癌细胞是危险或不同的细胞这一信息。”

这种可能性为处于形成转移性癌症风险中的患者打开了通向新疗法的大门,比如设法去抑制易受骗的免疫细胞类型,阻止它们帮助癌症扎根,同时提高更精明的树突状细胞的活性,增强恰当的免疫反应来除去新转移灶。

这一研究结果与去年发现外泌体可能是癌症转移的种子,不谋而合(Nature:外泌体可能是癌症播散真正的种子),这些死亡的肿瘤细胞产生的外泌体,成为重要的先锋僵尸部队。

了解肿瘤转移至一种特定器官而不去到其他器官处的原因是肿瘤学的首要目标之一,也是最古老的目标之一。126年前,英国医生Stephen Paget阐述了他的“种子与土壤理论”,主张转移需要肿瘤细胞传播即“种子”,和受纳器官理想的环境即“肥沃的土壤”。然而,自那时以后在阐析引导癌症转移至特异器官的机制方面一直未取得极大的进展。2015年10月,西班牙国家癌症中心(CNIO)微环境和癌症转移小组组长Héctor Peinado,威尔康乃尔医学院的David Lyden,和纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心的Jaqueline Bromberg,发展出了一套理论来支持Paget的“种子与土壤”学说(Nature:外泌体可能是癌症播散真正的种子)(Cell:癌研究泰斗揭示癌症侵袭性的根源)(Cancer Cell:肿瘤细胞种子土壤学说被阐释)。

原始出处:

Headley MB, Bins A, Nip A, Roberts EW, Looney MR, Gerard A, Krummel MF. Visualization of immediate immune responses to pioneer metastatic cells in the lung. Nature. 2016 Mar 24;531(7595):513-7

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139418, encodeId=733113941882, content=深度好文,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 03 09:39:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880993, encodeId=5fd2188099386, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat May 14 12:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252081, encodeId=de96125208101, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 04:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79518, encodeId=9340e951838, content=文章高大上, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79519, encodeId=e5e8e951937, content=看不太懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79332, encodeId=c141e933216, content=好多新知识呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=078f1661649, createdName=wei834766788, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79306, encodeId=c128e93067f, content=设法去抑制易受骗的免疫细胞类型,阻止它们帮助癌症扎根,同时提高更精明的树突状细胞的活性,增强恰当的免疫反应来除去新转移灶。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79304, encodeId=65a3e9304d5, content=许多早期反应免疫细胞,例如单核细胞和巨噬细胞帮助了后来的癌细胞落脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79305, encodeId=9334e9305c7, content=在成功的转移中,存在一种不平衡现象:过多的细胞被肿瘤编程,接受癌细胞为无害细胞,而过少的细胞获得癌细胞是危险或不同的细胞这一信息。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79303, encodeId=66e5e9303ed, content=癌症会指派一些免疫细胞去软化靶组织实现转移性侵袭,但却并不清楚这些机体保护细胞叛变的机制及原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-03 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    深度好文,值得关注

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    2016-05-14 liye789132251
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    2016-04-19 yxch36
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139418, encodeId=733113941882, content=深度好文,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 03 09:39:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880993, encodeId=5fd2188099386, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat May 14 12:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252081, encodeId=de96125208101, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 04:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79518, encodeId=9340e951838, content=文章高大上, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79519, encodeId=e5e8e951937, content=看不太懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79332, encodeId=c141e933216, content=好多新知识呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=078f1661649, createdName=wei834766788, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79306, encodeId=c128e93067f, content=设法去抑制易受骗的免疫细胞类型,阻止它们帮助癌症扎根,同时提高更精明的树突状细胞的活性,增强恰当的免疫反应来除去新转移灶。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79304, encodeId=65a3e9304d5, content=许多早期反应免疫细胞,例如单核细胞和巨噬细胞帮助了后来的癌细胞落脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79305, encodeId=9334e9305c7, content=在成功的转移中,存在一种不平衡现象:过多的细胞被肿瘤编程,接受癌细胞为无害细胞,而过少的细胞获得癌细胞是危险或不同的细胞这一信息。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79303, encodeId=66e5e9303ed, content=癌症会指派一些免疫细胞去软化靶组织实现转移性侵袭,但却并不清楚这些机体保护细胞叛变的机制及原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-19 李继凯

    文章高大上

    0

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    2016-04-19 李继凯

    看不太懂

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139418, encodeId=733113941882, content=深度好文,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 03 09:39:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880993, encodeId=5fd2188099386, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat May 14 12:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252081, encodeId=de96125208101, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 04:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79518, encodeId=9340e951838, content=文章高大上, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79519, encodeId=e5e8e951937, content=看不太懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79332, encodeId=c141e933216, content=好多新知识呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=078f1661649, createdName=wei834766788, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79306, encodeId=c128e93067f, content=设法去抑制易受骗的免疫细胞类型,阻止它们帮助癌症扎根,同时提高更精明的树突状细胞的活性,增强恰当的免疫反应来除去新转移灶。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79304, encodeId=65a3e9304d5, content=许多早期反应免疫细胞,例如单核细胞和巨噬细胞帮助了后来的癌细胞落脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79305, encodeId=9334e9305c7, content=在成功的转移中,存在一种不平衡现象:过多的细胞被肿瘤编程,接受癌细胞为无害细胞,而过少的细胞获得癌细胞是危险或不同的细胞这一信息。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79303, encodeId=66e5e9303ed, content=癌症会指派一些免疫细胞去软化靶组织实现转移性侵袭,但却并不清楚这些机体保护细胞叛变的机制及原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-18 wei834766788

    好多新知识呀

    0

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    2016-04-18 jetleo

    设法去抑制易受骗的免疫细胞类型,阻止它们帮助癌症扎根,同时提高更精明的树突状细胞的活性,增强恰当的免疫反应来除去新转移灶。

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139418, encodeId=733113941882, content=深度好文,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 03 09:39:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880993, encodeId=5fd2188099386, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat May 14 12:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252081, encodeId=de96125208101, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 04:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79518, encodeId=9340e951838, content=文章高大上, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79519, encodeId=e5e8e951937, content=看不太懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79332, encodeId=c141e933216, content=好多新知识呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=078f1661649, createdName=wei834766788, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79306, encodeId=c128e93067f, content=设法去抑制易受骗的免疫细胞类型,阻止它们帮助癌症扎根,同时提高更精明的树突状细胞的活性,增强恰当的免疫反应来除去新转移灶。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79304, encodeId=65a3e9304d5, content=许多早期反应免疫细胞,例如单核细胞和巨噬细胞帮助了后来的癌细胞落脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79305, encodeId=9334e9305c7, content=在成功的转移中,存在一种不平衡现象:过多的细胞被肿瘤编程,接受癌细胞为无害细胞,而过少的细胞获得癌细胞是危险或不同的细胞这一信息。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79303, encodeId=66e5e9303ed, content=癌症会指派一些免疫细胞去软化靶组织实现转移性侵袭,但却并不清楚这些机体保护细胞叛变的机制及原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-18 jetleo

    许多早期反应免疫细胞,例如单核细胞和巨噬细胞帮助了后来的癌细胞落脚

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139418, encodeId=733113941882, content=深度好文,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 03 09:39:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880993, encodeId=5fd2188099386, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat May 14 12:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252081, encodeId=de96125208101, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 04:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79518, encodeId=9340e951838, content=文章高大上, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79519, encodeId=e5e8e951937, content=看不太懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79332, encodeId=c141e933216, content=好多新知识呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=078f1661649, createdName=wei834766788, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79306, encodeId=c128e93067f, content=设法去抑制易受骗的免疫细胞类型,阻止它们帮助癌症扎根,同时提高更精明的树突状细胞的活性,增强恰当的免疫反应来除去新转移灶。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79304, encodeId=65a3e9304d5, content=许多早期反应免疫细胞,例如单核细胞和巨噬细胞帮助了后来的癌细胞落脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79305, encodeId=9334e9305c7, content=在成功的转移中,存在一种不平衡现象:过多的细胞被肿瘤编程,接受癌细胞为无害细胞,而过少的细胞获得癌细胞是危险或不同的细胞这一信息。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79303, encodeId=66e5e9303ed, content=癌症会指派一些免疫细胞去软化靶组织实现转移性侵袭,但却并不清楚这些机体保护细胞叛变的机制及原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-18 jetleo

    在成功的转移中,存在一种不平衡现象:过多的细胞被肿瘤编程,接受癌细胞为无害细胞,而过少的细胞获得癌细胞是危险或不同的细胞这一信息。

    0

  10. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=139418, encodeId=733113941882, content=深度好文,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 03 09:39:53 CST 2016, time=2016-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880993, encodeId=5fd2188099386, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat May 14 12:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252081, encodeId=de96125208101, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 04:22:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79518, encodeId=9340e951838, content=文章高大上, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79519, encodeId=e5e8e951937, content=看不太懂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=120, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=240a1683959, createdName=李继凯, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 01:26:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79332, encodeId=c141e933216, content=好多新知识呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=078f1661649, createdName=wei834766788, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 11:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79306, encodeId=c128e93067f, content=设法去抑制易受骗的免疫细胞类型,阻止它们帮助癌症扎根,同时提高更精明的树突状细胞的活性,增强恰当的免疫反应来除去新转移灶。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79304, encodeId=65a3e9304d5, content=许多早期反应免疫细胞,例如单核细胞和巨噬细胞帮助了后来的癌细胞落脚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79305, encodeId=9334e9305c7, content=在成功的转移中,存在一种不平衡现象:过多的细胞被肿瘤编程,接受癌细胞为无害细胞,而过少的细胞获得癌细胞是危险或不同的细胞这一信息。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=79303, encodeId=66e5e9303ed, content=癌症会指派一些免疫细胞去软化靶组织实现转移性侵袭,但却并不清楚这些机体保护细胞叛变的机制及原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Apr 18 09:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-04-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-04-18 jetleo

    癌症会指派一些免疫细胞去软化靶组织实现转移性侵袭,但却并不清楚这些机体保护细胞叛变的机制及原因

    0

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