医学英语中倍数句型及其译法

2013-06-09 MedSci MedSci原创

   英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等,见圈码)很容易译错其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: 倍数增加 (一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) A is n times gre

   英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等,见圈码)很容易译错其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:

倍数增加

() A is n times as greatlongmuch,…)as B.(①)

A is n times greater longer more,…)than B.(②)

A is n times the size length amount,…)of B.()

以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)Bn[AB大(长,多,……)n-1].

Eg. This book is three times as long as three times longer thanthree times the length of that one.

这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。

注:当相比的对象B很明显时,thanasofB常被省去。

(二)increase to n times(④)

increase n timesn-fold(⑤)

increase by n times(⑥)

increase by a factor of n(⑦)

以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。

Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.

集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。

Eg. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986

化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。

Eg. That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times.

那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。

Eg. The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.

漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。

注:在这类句型中increase常被raisegrowgo/step upmultiply等词所替代。

(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧)

应译为:增加n-1倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:

Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported.

据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。

(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。()

Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled

这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。

(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:

A is as much largelong,…)again as B.

= A is twice as much largelong,…)as B.(⑩)

应译为:AB多(大,长,……)1倍。

A is half as much large 1ong,…)again as B.

= A is one and a half times as much large 1ong,…)as B.】(11

应译为:AB多(大,长……)一半(即AB的一倍半)。

倍数减少

(一)A is n times as small lightslow,…)as B.12

A is n times smaller lighter slower,…) than B.13

以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)B1/n[AB小(轻,慢,……)(n-1/n]

Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.

氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。

Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.

这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。

注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。

(二)decrease n times/n--fold 14

decrease by n times15

decrease by a factor of n16

以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]

decrease常被reduce shorten goslow down等词替代。

Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.

该设备误差概率降低了4/5

(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction…

应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n1/n]。(17

这个句型还有其它一些形式,

Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed

发现迅速减少到1/7

Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.

这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2

 

从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④;句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decreaseby3 times应译为“减少2/3”,而不是“减少3/4”

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26981, encodeId=63c126981d9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12960, encodeId=a2c31296022, content=感觉有点用,要是再丰富点就更好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c4781603794, createdName=xiaoxiaocen, createdTime=Fri Dec 05 11:27:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5860, encodeId=39b358600a, content=怎么看不到具体内容呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=1ac783843, createdName=niudun, createdTime=Thu Jul 04 00:08:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1479004, encodeId=af9814e900414, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 11 07:46:00 CST 2013, time=2013-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-11 18619c0a62m

    很好,看不全啊

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26981, encodeId=63c126981d9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12960, encodeId=a2c31296022, content=感觉有点用,要是再丰富点就更好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c4781603794, createdName=xiaoxiaocen, createdTime=Fri Dec 05 11:27:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5860, encodeId=39b358600a, content=怎么看不到具体内容呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=1ac783843, createdName=niudun, createdTime=Thu Jul 04 00:08:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1479004, encodeId=af9814e900414, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 11 07:46:00 CST 2013, time=2013-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-12-05 xiaoxiaocen

    感觉有点用,要是再丰富点就更好了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26981, encodeId=63c126981d9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12960, encodeId=a2c31296022, content=感觉有点用,要是再丰富点就更好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c4781603794, createdName=xiaoxiaocen, createdTime=Fri Dec 05 11:27:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5860, encodeId=39b358600a, content=怎么看不到具体内容呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=1ac783843, createdName=niudun, createdTime=Thu Jul 04 00:08:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1479004, encodeId=af9814e900414, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 11 07:46:00 CST 2013, time=2013-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-07-04 niudun

    怎么看不到具体内容呢?

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26981, encodeId=63c126981d9, content=很好,看不全啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12a31627589, createdName=18619c0a62m, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 12:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12960, encodeId=a2c31296022, content=感觉有点用,要是再丰富点就更好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c4781603794, createdName=xiaoxiaocen, createdTime=Fri Dec 05 11:27:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5860, encodeId=39b358600a, content=怎么看不到具体内容呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=123, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=1ac783843, createdName=niudun, createdTime=Thu Jul 04 00:08:00 CST 2013, time=2013-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1479004, encodeId=af9814e900414, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=023334241a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学英语#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34241, encryptionId=023334241a6, topicName=医学英语)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49bf7479552, createdName=12498623m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 11 07:46:00 CST 2013, time=2013-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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