新英格兰:结核病和利福平耐药的快速分子检测

2010-09-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

结核病和利福平耐药的快速分子检测Rapid Molecular Detection of Tuberculosis and Rifampin Resistance   凯特琳娜·C·贝姆等 日内瓦创新诊断学基金会等 PDF全文查看下载: http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa0907847   背景 在全球控制结核病的工作,因诊断方法慢且

结核病和利福平耐药的快速分子检测

Rapid Molecular Detection of Tuberculosis and Rifampin Resistance

  凯特琳娜·C·贝姆等 日内瓦创新诊断学基金会等

PDF全文查看下载: http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa0907847

  背景 在全球控制结核病的工作,因诊断方法慢且不敏感而受到阻碍,尤其是在检出耐药型结核病,以及在有人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的病人中检出结核病方面。早期检出结核病对降低死亡率和阻断传播至关重要,但敏感方法的复杂性和对基础设施的需要,限制了其可及性和效果。

  方法 Xpert MTB/RIF是1种检测结核分枝杆菌(MTB)和利福平耐药性(RIF)的自动分子学试验,我们在1730例有疑似药物敏感性或多重耐药肺结核的病人中,采用全集成样本处理程序,评估Xpert MTB/RIF的性能。在秘鲁、阿塞拜疆、南非和印度,符合研究入选标准的病人每人提供3份痰标本。2份标本用N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸和氢氧化钠处理后进行显微镜检查、固体和液体培养,以及MTB/RIF检测,1份标本用于在显微镜下直接检查和MTB/RIF检测。

  结果 在培养阳性的病人中,1次直接MTB/RIF检测检出了561例涂片阳性结核病患者中的551例(98.2%),以及171例涂片阴性结核病患者中的124例(72.5%)。该试验对609例没有结核病患者中的604例是特异的(99.2%)。在涂片阴性、培养阳性的结核病患者中,加作第2次MTB/RIF试验使敏感性提高了12.6个百分点,加作第3次试验提高了5.1个百分点,使总的敏感性增至90.2%。与药敏表型检测相比,MTB/RIF检测正确地识别出了205例有利福平耐药菌(感染)患者中的200例(97.6%),以及514例有利福平敏感菌(感染)患者中的504例(98.1%)。除了2个病例以外,通过测序确定的病例都支持MTB/RIF检测的结果。

  结论 MTB/RIF试验可以在不足2小时的时间内,在亲自动手时间很少的情况下,直接通过未处理的痰敏感地检出结核病和利福平耐药性。

  (N Engl J Med 2010;363:1005-15. September 9, 2010)

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