降钙素原(PCT)在感染性疾病中的应用

2016-06-19 张超 医学界检验频道

降钙素原(PCT)是血清降钙素的前肽物质。正常情况下,局限于甲状腺和肺的神经内分泌细胞表达并裂解形成降钙素,在细菌感染或脓毒血症状态下,PCT在全身组织中形成并释放入血。PCT对于细菌感染性疾病和脓毒症的诊断与治疗具有重要价值。一、PCT的正常值及参考范围健康人的血浆PCT浓度低于0.05ng/ml。老年人、慢性疾病患者、以及不足10%的健康人血浆PCT浓度高于0.05 ng/ml,最高可达0.1

降钙素原(PCT)是血清降钙素的前肽物质。正常情况下,局限于甲状腺和肺的神经内分泌细胞表达并裂解形成降钙素,在细菌感染或脓毒血症状态下,PCT在全身组织中形成并释放入血。PCT对于细菌感染性疾病和脓毒症的诊断与治疗具有重要价值。


一、PCT的正常值及参考范围


健康人的血浆PCT浓度低于0.05ng/ml。老年人、慢性疾病患者、以及不足10%的健康人血浆PCT浓度高于0.05 ng/ml,最高可达0.1 ng/ml,但一般不超过0.3ng/ml。脓毒症患者PCT的诊断界值为超过0.5 ng/ml,严重脓毒症和脓毒性休克患者PCT浓度值波动在5~500 ng/ml之间。


图表:PCT结果的判读和临床处置建议(摘自《降钙素原急诊临床应用的专家共识》)


二、PCT在感染性疾病中的应用


1、细菌性感染


(1)细菌性肺炎


细菌性肺炎患者的PCT水平高于病毒、不典型病原体(军团菌除外)和结核杆菌导致的肺炎。但并不是所有的细菌性肺炎患者PCT水平都增高,约50%的细菌性肺炎患者PCT<0.5 ng/ml,28%的细菌性肺炎患者PCT<0.1 ng/ml,因此PCT正常或轻度增高不能排除细菌性肺炎。


PCT水平与肺炎的严重程度呈正相关。低水平PCT(<0.1ng/ml)提示可能是肺炎较轻、预后较好,是不使用或停用抗生素的参考指标。监测PCT的变化可以作为抗生素治疗效果的评估手段,PCT持续升高或者不降是治疗无效的表现。


(2) 细菌性心内膜炎


PCT诊断心内膜炎的最适界值为2~3 ng/ml,而排除界值为0.1~0-25 ng/ml。细菌性心内膜炎初期症状没有特异性,但是PCT水平可能增高。对于存在相关危险因素(如心脏瓣膜病、瓣膜置换术后、免疫力低下、静脉吸毒等) 并出现非特异性感染症状的患者,如果PCT水平增高,需要考虑细菌性心内膜炎的可能。


(3)细菌性脑膜炎


细菌性脑膜炎的PCT水平通常高于0.5 ng/ml,而病毒性脑膜炎患者PCT一般不升高。如果以PCT>5 ng/ml作为诊断界值,诊断细菌性脑膜炎的敏感度为94%,特异性为100%。临床上怀疑脑膜炎并且PCT水平增高,建议开始抗生素治疗。


2、病毒感染和真菌感染


病毒性疾病时PCT值不增高或仅轻度增高,一般不会超过1~2 ng/ml。对于真菌感染PCT的浓度依感染的类型而异:侵袭性真菌感染时PCT可以增高,局灶性真菌感染PCT很少增高,尤其免疫抑制及中性粒细胞减少合并真菌感染时患者的PCT不升高,因此PCT对真菌感染的诊断价值有限。


3、脓毒症


PCT诊断脓毒症的界值水平为>0.5ng/ml。脓毒症患者的PCT水平明显高于非脓毒症患者,细菌性脓毒症患者的PCT水平显著高于非细菌性脓毒症。如果怀疑脓毒症,建议立刻检查PCT。PCT与脓毒症的病情严重程度相关,动态监测PCT水平的变化可以判断病情进展情况。PCT持续升高提示感染加重或治疗无效,PCT降低可以视为感染好转 。

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    2016-11-29 lvliquan
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likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4Qym6b7ds7xvUkh2NJz9wAOcJlLLa9W7tqzNEgaX6TdAR4fYibj77eDuaPTCrvrh8gnYSQ7DeKCdMSsUUOYMuvX/0, createdBy=b8901930200, createdName=林小可, createdTime=Sat Jul 30 15:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91526, encodeId=0306915262d, content=很不错的内容,分析很详细。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170701/IMG595791009FB761316.jpg, createdBy=abd01695121, createdName=吴教授, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 07:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90721, encodeId=db8490e211e, content=学习了,很受用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d011736675, createdName=1defd903m38(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 21 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-14 laymankey

    感谢分享一下!

    0

  4. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d011736675, createdName=1defd903m38(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 21 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-01 李东泽

    很好,不错,以后会多学习

    0

  5. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d011736675, createdName=1defd903m38(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 21 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-27 李东泽

    这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。

    0

  6. 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channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d011736675, createdName=1defd903m38(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 21 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-27 李东泽

    这篇资讯带给我们新知识,启发新思维,不论是科研还是临床工作都有很大的帮助。。。

    0

  7. 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likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4Qym6b7ds7xvUkh2NJz9wAOcJlLLa9W7tqzNEgaX6TdAR4fYibj77eDuaPTCrvrh8gnYSQ7DeKCdMSsUUOYMuvX/0, createdBy=b8901930200, createdName=林小可, createdTime=Sat Jul 30 15:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91526, encodeId=0306915262d, content=很不错的内容,分析很详细。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170701/IMG595791009FB761316.jpg, createdBy=abd01695121, createdName=吴教授, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 07:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90721, encodeId=db8490e211e, content=学习了,很受用, beContent=null, objectType=article, 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  8. 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likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4Qym6b7ds7xvUkh2NJz9wAOcJlLLa9W7tqzNEgaX6TdAR4fYibj77eDuaPTCrvrh8gnYSQ7DeKCdMSsUUOYMuvX/0, createdBy=b8901930200, createdName=林小可, createdTime=Sat Jul 30 15:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91526, encodeId=0306915262d, content=很不错的内容,分析很详细。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170701/IMG595791009FB761316.jpg, createdBy=abd01695121, createdName=吴教授, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 07:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90721, encodeId=db8490e211e, content=学习了,很受用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d011736675, createdName=1defd903m38(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 21 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-30 林小可

    收藏了

    0

  9. 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likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo4Qym6b7ds7xvUkh2NJz9wAOcJlLLa9W7tqzNEgaX6TdAR4fYibj77eDuaPTCrvrh8gnYSQ7DeKCdMSsUUOYMuvX/0, createdBy=b8901930200, createdName=林小可, createdTime=Sat Jul 30 15:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91526, encodeId=0306915262d, content=很不错的内容,分析很详细。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170701/IMG595791009FB761316.jpg, createdBy=abd01695121, createdName=吴教授, createdTime=Wed Jun 29 07:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=90721, encodeId=db8490e211e, content=学习了,很受用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d011736675, createdName=1defd903m38(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Jun 21 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-29 吴教授

    很不错的内容,分析很详细。

    0

  10. 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    2016-06-21 1defd903m38(暂无匿称)

    学习了,很受用

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