Nature重磅:克服细菌耐药问题,一种新型合成抗生素或将成为耐药菌“克星”!

2021-11-02 生物探索 生物探索

这一发现证明了合成化学的重要性,更有助于研发对抗耐药菌的合成抗生素。

如今,抗生素滥用所导致的细菌耐药问题正在成为全球日益关注的公共卫生问题,除了呼吁社会各界合理使用抗生素外,研发新的抗生素以克服细菌耐药也成为了科学家们需要攻克的难题。 

五十年来,寻找与研发抗生素一直依赖于天然产物的半合成化学修饰,但是这种方法如今已经无法应对快速演变的细菌耐药威胁,而全合成化学修饰在设计合理的情况下,将能够轻松解决这一难点。近日,美国哈佛大学与伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校的研究团队在《Nature》发表了题目为“A synthetic antibiotic class overcoming bacterial multidrugresistance”的研究,报告了一种新型合成抗生素,它可以逃脱耐药菌的这种耐药机制,在小鼠中表现出广谱、强效的杀菌作用。

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DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04045-6

在此次研究中,研究人员以林可酰胺类抗生素克林霉素为研究对象进行了新型抗生素合成。克林霉素于1963年首次从土壤链霉菌中分离出来,并迅速用于治疗链球菌、肺炎球菌和葡萄球菌感染,但在被广泛使用后,如今耐克林霉素的细菌已遍布全球。此前曾有研究表明,细菌可以通过对核糖体药物结合位点的核苷酸进行特殊的化学修饰——甲基化,改变结合位点的构象,使药物无法与核糖体结合,因而获得耐药性。此次的研究,将根据这一机制合成新的抗生素,既能避开细菌的甲基化,还能产生广谱性杀菌威力。

研究人员首先根据不用化学键组合产生了500中抗生素药物候选,经过一系列检测后,选取了其中一种更具活性的抗生素,将其命名为iboxamycinIBX)。在肉汤培养药敏试验中,IBX显示出对广泛耐药菌株的活性,肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、艰难梭菌、革兰氏阴性细菌等菌株均显示出了对IBX的强烈敏感度。

随后,研究人员使用化脓链球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的标准菌株研究了IBX在小鼠体内的活性,结果显示,IBX 在治疗小鼠后 12 小时实现了细菌负荷的统计学显著降低。在全身感染模型中,IBX 在所有剂量水平下均具有良好的耐受性与安全性。同时, X射线成像结果表明,iboxamycin能够让甲基化的核糖体核苷酸移位,暴露出药物结合位点,从而使药物能在核糖体已经甲基化的情况下依然与之结合、克服细菌的耐药性。这些结果表明,IBX具有成为有效对抗一系列耐药菌的口服广谱抗生素的能力。

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图:广谱抗生素 IBX 在小鼠体外和体内抗菌活性

研究人员表示,这一发现证明了合成化学的重要性,更有助于研发对抗耐药菌的合成抗生素。

参考资料:

[1]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04045-6#citeas

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    2022-09-29 liye789132251
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    2021-11-04 xxxx1054
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醋酸阿比特龙(AA)是CYP17A1的抑制剂,是FDA批准的治疗晚期前列腺癌的药物。然而,并非所有患者都对AA有响应,最初有反应的患者最终也会产生AA耐药性。最近,有研究人员确定了前列腺癌细胞的AA耐