Nature:肿瘤的斯德哥尔摩综合症

2017-10-12 路人丙 中美药源

今天的《自然》杂志发表一篇荷兰科学家关于耐药肿瘤对肿瘤药物依赖的工作(doi:10.1038/nature24037)。作者发现四种不同 BRAF V600E 变异恶黑肿瘤细胞用 BRAF 抑制剂 dabrafenib 和 MEK 抑制剂 trametinib 处理 3 - 5 个月后出现耐药株,但如果突然停止用药这些耐药株会大量死亡,说明这些肿瘤细胞对 BRAF 和 MEK 抑制剂产生依赖。作者

新闻事件】:今天的《自然》杂志发表一篇荷兰科学家关于耐药肿瘤对肿瘤药物依赖的工作(doi:10.1038/nature24037)。作者发现四种不同 BRAF V600E 变异恶黑肿瘤细胞用 BRAF 抑制剂 dabrafenib 和 MEK 抑制剂 trametinib 处理 3 - 5 个月后出现耐药株,但如果突然停止用药这些耐药株会大量死亡,说明这些肿瘤细胞对 BRAF 和 MEK 抑制剂产生依赖。作者通过 CRISPR 敲除大量基因发现 ERK2 是药物依赖的总设计师。耐药株恢复 BRAF 功能会增加 ERK2 活性,继而增加转录因子 JUNB 的功能。这又造成另一个转录因子 MITF 控制的多个蛋白表达下降,肿瘤细胞因此从增长状态变成转移状态。使用 ERK 抑制剂可以降低对 BRAF 抑制剂的依赖,而药物依赖的恶黑肿瘤对本来效果一般的化疗药物 dacarbazine 敏感度大增。这个机制似乎具有普遍性,非小细胞肺癌对 EGFR 抑制剂依赖也是通过 ERK2。

药源解析】:这是生化版的斯德哥尔摩综合症,肿瘤爱上肿瘤药。这个发现一方面说明肿瘤对抗药物袭击的防守技术也不怎么优雅,有时慌不择路选择的耐药机制为以后生存埋下隐患。好比被人扎了一刀,为了马上止血没把刀拔出就缠上绷带。血是暂时止住了,但刀也必须留在里面。二是说明耐药肿瘤和原发肿瘤可能性质已经完全不同。人们常说 what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger,但对肿瘤来说似乎有时在抗癌药围剿下生存下来是要付出代价的。没被原发肿瘤放在眼里的药物(如 dacarbazine)对 BRAF 耐药肿瘤可能成为一个致命杀手。

几乎所有的抗癌药都迟早会出现耐药,所以搞清楚耐药后肿瘤的性质对于开发更有效药物非常重要,当然这也令本来就十分复杂的肿瘤药物研究更加复杂。现在的临床前肿瘤细胞都是历史比较悠久的细胞株,很少有对近期上市新药、尤其是靶向药物耐药的品种。这种在实验室诱发的耐药和临床病人的耐药又可能不同,这可能令我们失去发现对耐药株有效药物的机会。除了用药后基因、蛋白表达的变化,其它多种因素如不久前讲到的肿瘤多样性、变异速度等性质也直接影响肿瘤药物的筛选与优化。

这个研究主要使用了体外诱导耐药,但临床上也时有对肿瘤药物依赖报道。两个月以前 Sloan 的科学家发现 BRAF、MEK、ERK 抑制剂三管齐下比次序用药效果好,而且 BRAF 过度活跃只有在 ERK 功能被抑制时候才增加肿瘤细胞的增殖能力。如果 ERK 功能正常过多的 BRAF 拷贝对肿瘤细胞增殖反而是个抑制因素,这和今天的这个结果似乎有一定关联。肿瘤是高度异质性疾病,不仅肿瘤治疗要个性化,肿瘤药物模型也需要进一步细化。

原始出处:

Xiangjun Kong, Thomas Kuilman, Aida Shahrabi, et al. Cancer drug addiction is relayed by an ERK2-dependent phenotype switch. Nature 550, 270–274 (12 October 2017) doi:10.1038/nature24037.

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    2018-01-02 liye789132251
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    2017-10-12 虈亣靌

    好好看下.内容丰富

    0

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    2017-10-12 yunger

    很好的专题,值得品味及分享

    0

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    2017-10-12 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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