Lancet:改良治疗策略可提高腹主动脉瘤破裂患者预后

2014-03-25 tiancai_erbao 丁香园

腹主动脉瘤是指腹主动脉呈瘤样扩张,通常直径增大50%以上即定义为动脉瘤。绝大多数腹主动脉瘤为肾动脉水平以下的病变。其常见病因为动脉粥样硬化,其他少见病因包括动脉中层囊性变性、梅毒、先天性发育不良、创伤、感染、结缔组织病等。常见危险因素包括:吸烟、高血压、高龄、男性等。腹主动脉瘤破裂死亡率高,90%以上瘤体呈开放性破裂的腹主动脉瘤患者,在发病后数小时内死亡。 腹主动脉瘤治疗方法包括药物治疗

腹主动脉瘤是指腹主动脉呈瘤样扩张,通常直径增大50%以上即定义为动脉瘤。绝大多数腹主动脉瘤为肾动脉水平以下的病变。其常见病因为动脉粥样硬化,其他少见病因包括动脉中层囊性变性、梅毒、先天性发育不良、创伤、感染、结缔组织病等。常见危险因素包括:吸烟、高血压、高龄、男性等。腹主动脉瘤破裂死亡率高,90%以上瘤体呈开放性破裂的腹主动脉瘤患者,在发病后数小时内死亡。

腹主动脉瘤治疗方法包括药物治疗、手术治疗和腔内治疗。手术治疗为其主要治疗方式,但随着腔内治疗材料和技术的进步,越来越多的腹主动脉瘤倾向于腔内治疗。不同国家腹主动脉瘤破裂患者的预后差异较大。对治疗差异进行研究有助于优化临床治疗路径,改善治疗效果。

英国伦敦圣乔治伦敦大学血管研究所的Karthikesalingam博士等对美国和英国腹主动脉瘤破裂的治疗方式及患者预后进行了分析,研究结果发表在2014年3月的The Lancet杂志上。

作者比较了2005-2010年英国和美国全国范围内因腹主动脉破裂而入院的所有患者样本,主要研究终点为患者住院期间死亡、介入治疗后死亡以及非矫正性治疗决策的比例。采用二元logistic回归方法对住院期间死亡率和非矫正性治疗率进行统计,并在统计分析前按照年龄、性别、发病年限和Charlson合并症指数进行数据校正处理。

研究共纳入了11799名英国腹主动脉瘤破裂患者以及23838名美国腹主动脉瘤破裂患者。住院期间死亡率,美国为53.05%,低于英国的65.9%。美国进行开放性或血管内修复等介入治疗的比例也要明显高于英国(分别为80.43%和58.45%)。进行血管内修复治疗的人群比例美国也高于英国,分别为20.88%和8.54%。两个国家的介入治疗后死亡率相似,英国为41.77%,美国为41.65%。

上述观察性研究都是在进行年龄配对和性别配对比较的基础上进行的。在两个国家中,腹主动脉瘤破裂患者死亡率的降低均与血管内修复术的应用增加、医院处理腹主动脉瘤破裂的病例数增加、医院病床高容量、医院教学水平及一周入院病人数相关。

研究表明,英国腹主动脉瘤破裂患者住院期间的生存率、介入治疗率及进行血管内修复术的比例都比美国要低。不论在英国还是美国,在病床容量较大的教学医院进行血管内修复治疗的比例较高,且腹主动脉瘤破裂的死亡率最低。根据以上影响因素改良治疗策略,或有助于改善腹主动脉瘤破裂患者的预后。

原始出处:

Karthikesalingam A1, Holt PJ2, Vidal-Diez A1, Ozdemir BA1, Poloniecki JD1, Hinchliffe RJ1, Thompson MM1.Mortality from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: clinical lessons from a comparison of outcomes in England and the USA.Lancet. 2014 Mar 15;383(9921):963-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60109-4.

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    2014-06-19 howi
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