美批准确定癌症患者KRAS突变的新检测法

2012-07-09 晓静 编译 医学论坛网

资料图   2012年7月6日,美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)批准了首个帮助一些结直肠癌(CRC)患者确定爱必妥(西妥昔单抗)治疗是否有效的基因检测法。   该基因检测法为therascreen  KRAS基因RGQ PCR系统,可提供转移性结直肠癌患者有关KRAS基因突变的信息。   FDA同时批准了西妥昔单抗新的适应证,即联合5—氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸和伊立替康(

基因检测
资料图

  2012年7月6日,美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)批准了首个帮助一些结直肠癌(CRC)患者确定爱必妥(西妥昔单抗)治疗是否有效的基因检测法。

  该基因检测法为therascreen  KRAS基因RGQ PCR系统,可提供转移性结直肠癌患者有关KRAS基因突变的信息。

  FDA同时批准了西妥昔单抗新的适应证,即联合5—氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸和伊立替康(FOLFIRI)化疗药物作为可表达EGFR和无KRAS突变的转移性CRC患者的一线治疗方案。

  已有多项研究发现,西妥昔单抗治疗有基因突变的CRC患者是无效的。

  FDA药物研究与评价中心肿瘤产品办公室主任Richard Pazdur说:“西妥昔单抗新适应证和该基因检测法的批准有助于临床医生选择最佳受益患者群。有关新适应证批准的临床试验数据支持该药治疗那些未发生KRAS基因突变的结直肠癌患者。”

  FDA体外诊断器械与安全性评估办公室主任,医学博士Alberto Gutierrez说:“该检测法有助于临床医生确定这一治疗是否有效。”

  西妥昔单抗是CRC细胞的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)靶向抑制剂,当体内某种化学物质结合EGFR时,该受体可启动细胞内一连串复杂的生物化学反应并发出信号给癌细胞,癌细胞在接收信号后进行增殖。西妥昔单抗可抑制EGFR,阻断该信号,进而抑制CRC细胞的增殖。然而,当CRC细胞发生KRAS基因突变时,即使西妥昔单抗抑制了EGFR,CRC细胞仍能够持续增值。

  FDA于2004年首次批准西妥昔单抗治疗对化疗无反应的、表皮生长因子阳性的晚期结直肠癌。 2009年,因研究发现西妥昔单抗对那些有KRAS基因突变的肿瘤患者无效,FDA遂更新了西妥昔单抗的治疗推荐。

  在临床试验中,那些未发生KRAS基因突变的肿瘤患者,接受西妥昔单抗治疗的患者中位生存期为8.6个月,未接受西妥昔单抗治疗的患者为5个月。在那些有KRAS基因突变的肿瘤患者,两类患者人群的中位生存期相似(前者4.8个月,后者4.6个月)。

  在那些未发生KRAS基因突变的肿瘤患者,接受西妥昔单抗联合FOLFIRI治疗的中位生存期是23.5个月,而只接受FOLFIRI治疗的中位生存期是19.5个月。在那些有KRAS基因突变的肿瘤患者,两者的中位生存期相似。

      

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    2012-07-11 yinhl1978
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    2012-07-11 bioon7