乡村医生距离职业化道路还有多远?

2017-02-16 王英泽 环球医学

现如今中国乡村医生的身份甚至生存正变得愈发尴尬,这些撑起祖国大半个医疗卫生服务体系的乡村医生们还面临着收入低,养老医保等无保障的问题。甚至很多乡村医生兢兢业业的在基层服务了一辈子,却一直处于“非法行医”的尴尬境地,这让他们如何不心寒?如何改善他们的生活及工作状态,是现如今有关部门需要考虑的重中之重。


现如今中国乡村医生的身份甚至生存正变得愈发尴尬,这些撑起祖国大半个医疗卫生服务体系的乡村医生们还面临着收入低,养老医保等无保障的问题。甚至很多乡村医生兢兢业业的在基层服务了一辈子,却一直处于“非法行医”的尴尬境地,这让他们如何不心寒?如何改善他们的生活及工作状态,是现如今有关部门需要考虑的重中之重。

近年来,乡村医生整体素质稳步提高,服务条件显着改善,农村居民基本医疗卫生服务的公平性、可及性不断提升。但是,乡村医生队伍仍是农村医疗卫生服务体系的薄弱环节,难以适应农村居民日益增长的医疗卫生服务需求,很多村民宁愿多跑几十里地去城里的医院,也不愿意去村卫生室就诊,这不仅造成人才的浪费,也会使医患关系进一步紧张。乡村医生和村卫生室的问题日益突出,主要集中在乡村医生身份待遇、养老保障、后继乏人等方面。

随着医改在基层的逐步发力,针对乡村医生的身份待遇及执业条件等,国家虽出台了诸多具体扶持措施,然而,我国农村居民人口基数大,而村医这个庞大群体,大多仍是我国医疗卫生队伍中的编外人士。何时能够明确身份?如何改善乡村医生待遇及职业条件?如何完善基层机构服务能力?——这些都与我国三级医疗网的“网底”安全息息相关。

不可否认,近年来确实有一批乡村医生成功转型,走上了职业化道路:2016年10月,甘肃省卫生计生委组织全省4983名乡村医生参加乡村医生执业资格考试,共有1973名乡村医生考试合格。在全国率先开启了乡村医生执业资格考试、注册、颁证等职业化之路的先河,但这还远远不够。

身份的尴尬,正是导致村医诸多现实困境的根本。2016年“两会”期间,全国人大代表马文芳曾透露,“村医最难的是待遇和养老。”他说,当医生48年,退休前每月能拿700元公共卫生服务补贴。可满65岁退下来后,每月就只能领300元补助了。如此微薄的收入,连自己勉强糊口都远远不够,又如何谈得上养家?北京师范大学中国医疗卫生政策研究院“农村卫生人力资源课题组”的调查发现,曾经备受尊敬的“赤脚医生”已然今非昔比,其现状令人堪忧。当年的“赤脚医生”实行工分制,在村中备受尊崇,是乡村社会中的权威角色。此后,随着农村合作社体制的逐步解体,1985年“赤脚医生”正式改称为“乡村医生”,不再拿工分而是靠看病赚钱。

然而近几年,国家新一轮医改实施,很多村医却感觉自己受到了冷落,越来越多的年轻村医选择了离开,留守的多是老村医或者是靠情怀苦苦支撑的年轻村医。工作强度大,待遇较低,养老无保障,含金量低且没有吸引力,这触动了太多村医的内心之痛——“经常顶着月亮数星星”“50岁是村里最年轻的村医”“最少单程7公里,最远来回要跑20多公里”,“当村医还不如村民打工挣钱多”,这些现状让很多村医对这个职业“累觉不爱”。

几年前,马文芳曾跑了3省18县,调查了100名乡村医生,这些人平均年龄高达63岁,行医时间长达43.6年。而在可预见的未来,农村的公共医疗卫生服务需求还会不断增长,甚至要往全科医疗卫生服务、“私人订制”的精细化方向发展,即便让这批老村医“超期服役”,也面临知识结构和管理模式的新挑战,况且,老村医也都到了体弱多病,难以负荷高强度诊疗任务的年纪,新鲜血液的补充已到了刻不容缓的地步。

我国现有超过125万乡村医生,其中不少是上个世纪70年代从医的赤脚医生,他们都已经在65岁以上。村医原则上按照每千名服务人口不少于1名的标准配备,全国还有很大的缺口。解决其身份待遇、提高工资水平,让老村医老有所依、让年轻村医留得住,是保证农村公共医疗卫生水平稳步提升的重要保证,乡村医生的后顾之忧如果不解决,后继乏人的状况可能就很难改观。

据有关资料显示,类似窘境不是我国独有,即使在发达国家,边远、偏僻农村地区也难留住村医。国际上经常采取“巡回式”办法,培育支援式、派出式的村医,只要保障村民对基本医疗卫生服务的可及性、可获得性即可。

不过,即使采取了轮换式、支援式,也需要变换对村医的激励方式。譬如据有些媒体报道,重庆荣昌就用“计工分”办法,奖励村医提供基本公共卫生服务,一些退出村医队伍的老村医还想重当村医,半夜村医也愿去村民家里随访。荣昌借此提高村医准入门槛,拥有执业资格的村医大量增加。

一直以来,乡村医生被大众贴上了“默默付出几十年”“坚守岗位不动摇”“任劳任怨毫无保留”的标签。奉献精神必须有,但是光讲情怀是行不通的,现实问题摆在那里,必须要在制度上理顺,只有让村医回归价值轨道,顺利地、规范地实现职业化转变,才能找到“明天谁给乡亲们看病”的正解。

希望村医能尽快摆脱这种尴尬的境地,早日实现职业化发展,享受与城市医生同等的待遇。

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    2017-04-13 俅侠
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    2017-04-03 美丽明天在等我

    乡村医生应该有更多的学习机会

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1721412, encodeId=da5e1e2141282, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef7be471235' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#离职#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74712, encryptionId=ef7be471235, topicName=离职)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0e2332999540, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Thu Apr 13 08:46:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184864, encodeId=6ce718486404, content=乡村医生应该有更多的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7lBrMCuvxicCR3XJQhu2X3SmEzicSFDknz19Vav0ln3PHYSicIKQRIiazzcibtEchpeQNrjh2jfOYC0w/132, createdBy=eb931929187, createdName=美丽明天在等我, createdTime=Mon Apr 03 14:03:13 CST 2017, time=2017-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1766739, encodeId=986f1e6673966, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d97a805e45b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#职业化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80574, encryptionId=d97a805e45b, topicName=职业化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a40037859866, createdName=ms24272190615788285182, createdTime=Mon Sep 11 04:46:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176465, encodeId=8c2e1e6465ca, content=好好努力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Feb 16 13:39:03 CST 2017, time=2017-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176460, encodeId=5f641e6460fc, content=中国乡村医生的身份甚至生存正变得愈发尴尬,这些撑起祖国大半个医疗卫生服务体系的乡村医生们还面临着收入低,养老医保等无保障的问题。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 16 13:05:26 CST 2017, time=2017-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176458, encodeId=15c71e645802, content=乡村医生的实验室检查也跟不上啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7lBrMCuvxicCR3XJQhu2X3SmEzicSFDknz19Vav0ln3PHYSicIKQRIiazzcibtEchpeQNrjh2jfOYC0w/132, createdBy=eb931929187, createdName=美丽明天在等我, createdTime=Thu Feb 16 12:42:24 CST 2017, time=2017-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176457, encodeId=20b61e645719, content=不错啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK3ssBJSRdvZRFZDa4iaIb8oSic57N4gFS2H0giabMvich0gSl9eZ96LN2UfV5gXOu3VZgEux5wg6nQH/0, createdBy=4a751949757, createdName=wxsession913878e3, createdTime=Thu Feb 16 12:41:06 CST 2017, time=2017-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-16 忠诚向上

    好好努力

    0

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    2017-02-16 1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称)

    中国乡村医生的身份甚至生存正变得愈发尴尬,这些撑起祖国大半个医疗卫生服务体系的乡村医生们还面临着收入低,养老医保等无保障的问题。

    0

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    2017-02-16 美丽明天在等我

    乡村医生的实验室检查也跟不上啊

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1721412, encodeId=da5e1e2141282, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ef7be471235' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#离职#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74712, encryptionId=ef7be471235, topicName=离职)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0e2332999540, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Thu Apr 13 08:46:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=184864, encodeId=6ce718486404, content=乡村医生应该有更多的学习机会, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7lBrMCuvxicCR3XJQhu2X3SmEzicSFDknz19Vav0ln3PHYSicIKQRIiazzcibtEchpeQNrjh2jfOYC0w/132, createdBy=eb931929187, createdName=美丽明天在等我, createdTime=Mon Apr 03 14:03:13 CST 2017, time=2017-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1766739, encodeId=986f1e6673966, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d97a805e45b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#职业化#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80574, encryptionId=d97a805e45b, topicName=职业化)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a40037859866, createdName=ms24272190615788285182, createdTime=Mon Sep 11 04:46:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176465, encodeId=8c2e1e6465ca, content=好好努力, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Thu Feb 16 13:39:03 CST 2017, time=2017-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176460, encodeId=5f641e6460fc, content=中国乡村医生的身份甚至生存正变得愈发尴尬,这些撑起祖国大半个医疗卫生服务体系的乡村医生们还面临着收入低,养老医保等无保障的问题。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuF63NQckT5BOaic1el7cRelbpr859YXtZQHQSaWnqZCRPOZzDBcjsBNx7AFefLHh1UvMPS4kPP0BG/0, createdBy=47831990981, createdName=1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Feb 16 13:05:26 CST 2017, time=2017-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176458, encodeId=15c71e645802, content=乡村医生的实验室检查也跟不上啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7lBrMCuvxicCR3XJQhu2X3SmEzicSFDknz19Vav0ln3PHYSicIKQRIiazzcibtEchpeQNrjh2jfOYC0w/132, createdBy=eb931929187, createdName=美丽明天在等我, createdTime=Thu Feb 16 12:42:24 CST 2017, time=2017-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=176457, encodeId=20b61e645719, content=不错啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuK3ssBJSRdvZRFZDa4iaIb8oSic57N4gFS2H0giabMvich0gSl9eZ96LN2UfV5gXOu3VZgEux5wg6nQH/0, createdBy=4a751949757, createdName=wxsession913878e3, createdTime=Thu Feb 16 12:41:06 CST 2017, time=2017-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-02-16 wxsession913878e3

    不错啊

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