AJSM:桡骨头滞后——棒球投手发生肱骨小头剥脱性骨软骨炎可能的生物力学机制

2021-10-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在肘关节快速伸展过程中,桡骨头以轻微不协调的方式落后于它连接的肱骨小头,在小头软骨和软骨下骨中产生过多的剪应力。

肱骨小头剥脱性骨软骨炎(OCD)在投掷运动员中很常见,可能是由于肱桡关节反复运动并超过运动负荷所致,其原因和机制尚不清楚。从解剖学上来看,肘部伸展时肱三头肌产生的扭转力(力矩)仅作用于尺骨。因此,桡骨头被动地穿过肱骨小头,并被尺骨有力地“拖拽”。所以,近端桡尺关节的任何松弛都可能导致桡骨和尺骨之间的不同步运动,导致桡骨头落在尺骨喙突后面,并可能在运动过程中与肱骨小头关节不连。

为了模拟投掷时的关节运动,研究者对8具尸体的肘关节进行模拟投掷试验,包括外翻应力下三头肌牵拉产生的肘关节主动伸展试验和外翻应力下被动伸展试验。尺骨肱骨运动用摄像机跟踪。使用安装在桡骨小头上的关节内薄膜压力传感器跟踪桡骨头的运动,并测量桡骨头力中心(COF)的纵向运动。在20到90的角度之间,肘关节每伸展10次,比较一次被动和主动运动的桡骨头运动,结果发现在模拟投掷过程中,肱桡关系和尺骨肱骨运动是异步的。

使用定制的测试机器进行测试

投掷过程中径向头滞后的可能机制

简单来说,这项研究描述了一种研究者称之为“桡骨头滞后”的现象,这种现象发生在外翻载荷条件下肘关节快速伸展时,例如棒球投球运动中,且这种滞后构成了轻微的关节不协调,有可能在肱骨小头软骨下骨中产生过大的剪应力。因此,研究者提出了棒球投球过程中肱骨小头剥脱性骨软骨炎发展的一个新理论:在肘关节快速伸展过程中,桡骨头以轻微不协调的方式落后于它连接的肱骨小头,在小头软骨和软骨下骨中产生过多的剪应力。

参考文献:Dani Rotman, MD, Jae-Man Kwak, MD, Jorge Rojas Lievano, MD. Radial Head Lag: A Possible Biomechanical Mechanism for Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum in Baseball Pitchers  https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465211033971

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    2022-03-12 redcrab
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    2021-10-29 shalley68
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