Cell:缺乏维生素A会让你丢失宝贵的造血干细胞

2017-05-25 佚名 生物探索

德国癌症研究中心和海德堡干细胞研究与实验医学研究所的研究人员发现身体缺乏维生素A会造成骨髓中的造血干细胞丢失。这一发现不仅证实从平衡饮食中摄入充足的维生素A非常重要,加强我们对血细胞发育的理解,而且有可能为癌症治疗打开新的局面。相关研究结果于2017年5月19日发表在Cell期刊上。1、造血干细胞平时是休眠的骨髓中存在一群非常特殊的成体干细胞,即造血干细胞。造血干细胞在大多数时间里处于休眠状态,而

德国癌症研究中心和海德堡干细胞研究与实验医学研究所的研究人员发现身体缺乏维生素A会造成骨髓中的造血干细胞丢失。这一发现不仅证实从平衡饮食中摄入充足的维生素A非常重要,加强我们对血细胞发育的理解,而且有可能为癌症治疗打开新的局面。相关研究结果于2017年5月19日发表在Cell期刊上。

1、造血干细胞平时是休眠的

骨髓中存在一群非常特殊的成体干细胞,即造血干细胞。造血干细胞在大多数时间里处于休眠状态,而且仅在细菌感染、病毒感染、严重失血或者接受化疗等紧急情况下才活跃起来。一旦它们的工作完成,身体就让这些充满潜能的造血干细胞重返休眠状态。研究人员认为这可以防止它们可能产生导致白血病的危险突变。在这篇文章发表之前,激活这些特殊的干细胞的机制和让在它们完成工作后返回休眠状态的机制仍然是未知的。

2、维生素A的代谢物在血细胞中的作用

如今,研究人员鉴定出视黄酸(维生素A的一种代谢物)是这种过程一种至关重要的因子。如果缺乏视黄酸,那么活跃的造血干细胞就不能够返回到休眠状态,相反还会分化为成熟的血细胞。这意味着作为储备的造血干细胞丢失了。这在休眠造血干细胞被绿色荧光标记的小鼠中开展的研究所证实的。论文第一作者Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid说:“如果我们给这些小鼠喂缺乏维生素A的食物一段时间,那么这会导致造血干细胞丢失。因此,我们能够首次证实维生素A对造血干细胞产生直接影响。”



此外,他们还通过与来自欧洲生物信息学研究所的同事们合作,对单个造血干细胞开展全基因组分析,结果发现休眠的造血干细胞转变到活跃的造血干细胞,接着转变到祖细胞,是一种持续的过程。对每个细胞而言都遵循着一种不同的途径。迄今为止,科学家们猜测特定的细胞类型是按照一种确定的模式逐步产生的。这一发现会对体内的细胞分化如何发生的这一旧有观念引发变革。

3、该发现也为癌症治疗打开新的局面

这一发现不仅加强我们对血细胞发育的理解,而且它也有助从之前已证实维生素A缺乏会破坏免疫系统的研究获得新的认识。Cabezas-Wallscheid强调道:“这证实从平衡饮食中摄入充足的维生素A是如此至关重要的。人体不能够自己产生维生素A。”

这些研究人员也希望这个发现也为癌症治疗打开新的局面。有证据证实癌细胞可以像健康的干细胞那样也能处于休眠状态。当处于休眠状态时,它们的代谢几乎被完全关闭,这使得它们能抵抗化疗。研究人员认为一旦他们详细地理解维生素A或者视黄酸如何给让正常的干细胞和肿瘤干细胞进入休眠状态,就能够扭转这个状态。如果他们能够让癌细胞暂时地进入活跃状态,那么他们就能够让它们对化疗、放疗变得敏感。

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    2018-04-07 维他命
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    2017-05-27 wwzzly
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    2017-05-27 俅侠
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    2017-05-25 半夏微凉

    学习了谢谢分享

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