Front Immunol:生物制剂对类风湿性关节炎全身性骨丢失的不同保护作用

2022-01-10 医路坦克 MedSci原创

类风湿性关节炎(RA)是慢性炎性关节炎最常见的形式之一。接受长期停药的RA患者显示出比接受csDMARD或TNFi的患者更好的骨丢失保护效果。

     类风湿性关节炎(RA)是慢性炎性关节炎最常见的形式之一。这种对称性多关节炎主要影响中年女性,并导致进行性关节破坏和功能丧失。据报道,活动性RA患者的年度骨丢失量大于健康患者。与一般人群相比,RA患者脊柱骨质疏松症发生率增加了两倍。

     近年来,对免疫病理学的进一步了解促进了生物疾病修饰抗风湿药物(BDMARDs)的发展,这些药物针对免疫反应的特定成分,并改善RA的临床结果。抑制促炎细胞因子,如肿瘤坏死因子抑制因子(TNFi),这似乎可以有效减少RA患者的疾病活动性和抑制骨丢失。CTLA-4Ig(Abatacept)是一种调节T细胞共刺激信号的融合蛋白,对于对甲氨蝶呤治疗效果不佳的类风湿关节炎(RA)患者具有有效的减轻疾病活动性和减少关节损伤的作用。先前的研究已经证明,在RA患者中,阿巴塔塞特可以增加股骨颈(FN)的骨密度,并且优于其他生物制剂。

    在我们以前的研究中,我们证明了三年生物/靶向合成DMARD(b/tsDMARD)治疗可以防止RA患者的骨丢失,而传统的合成DMARD(CsDMARD)不能预防骨丢失。然而,使用TNFi或阿巴贝塞治疗的RA患者在保存骨密度方面的长期效果尚不清楚。本研究的主要目的是探讨接受csDMARD、TNFi和abataceptviaa治疗的RA患者的骨密度变化,该研究为期三年,是一项真实的、观察性的队列研究。第二个目的是研究抗骨质疏松治疗(AOT)对接受不同治疗方法的RA患者骨密度的协同作用。

    目的:比较类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者接受三年常规合成抗风湿药物(CsDMARD)、肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂(TNFi)和阿巴贝特治疗后骨密度(BMD)的变化。

    方法:选择2014年9月至2021年2月收治的类风湿关节炎患者。采用双能X线骨密度仪测量入选时和三年后股骨颈(FN)、全髋(TH)和腰椎(L1-4)的骨密度。分析各方案组的骨密度变化。以因变量为因变量,采用多元普通最小二乘回归方法,建立预测骨密度变化的模型。

    结果:共有752名参与者入选,其中485人完成了为期三年的随访期。其中,375名(I组)、84名(II组)和26名(III组)参与者分别接受了csDMARDS、TNFi和abatacept治疗。考虑到治疗的类型和随访期的结束,参与者被分为A组(csDMARDs,n=104)、B组(TNFi,n=52)和C组(abatacept,n=26)。与基线相比,A组FN(p=0.003)、L1-4(p=0.002)和B组L14(p=0.005)骨密度显著降低,而C组各部位骨密度变化不明显。在骨密度的回归调整百分比变化方面,C组与A、B两组比较均有显著性差异(Fn处+0.8%、-2.7%、-1.8%;Th处+0.5%、-1.1%、-1.0%;Th处+0.5%、-1.1%、-1.0%);B组在Fn处、L1~4处、L1~4处、L1~4处(p=0.005)、L14处(p=0.005)骨密度均显著降低。L1-4分别为+0.8%、-2.0%、-3.5%,P均<0.05)。抗骨质疏松治疗对RA有一定的骨密度保护作用。

    接受长期停药的RA患者显示出比接受csDMARD或TNFi的患者更好的骨丢失保护效果。抗骨质疏松治疗对骨丢失有重要的保护作用,与RA治疗方案无关。还需要进一步的研究来阐明阿巴塔塞普或其他生物制剂是否可以预防RA患者的脆性骨折。

文献来源: Chen MH,  Yu SF,  Chen JF,Different Effects of Biologics on Systemic Bone Loss Protection in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Interim Analysis of a Three-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study,Front Immunol 2021;12

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    2022-01-11 lmm397
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