Eur Spine J:年龄不是退行性腰椎手术的禁忌症

2014-06-12 佚名 丁香园

随着社会老龄化,老年人在人群中所占比例越来越高。西班牙65岁以上的老龄人口将从2009年的600万上升至2049年的1500万 。社会老龄化同时导致了罹患退行性腰椎疾病人数的上升,患者年龄也逐渐成为外科医生制定治疗方案时必须考虑的因素之一。目前有研究报道了老年人腰椎术后并发症以及长期临床疗效的预测指标,但只有少数关于术后老年人生活质量以及结果满意度的研究报道。而且以前的研究仅仅比较了某一个疾病,且

随着社会老龄化,老年人在人群中所占比例越来越高。西班牙65岁以上的老龄人口将从2009年的600万上升至2049年的1500万 。社会老龄化同时导致了罹患退行性腰椎疾病人数的上升,患者年龄也逐渐成为外科医生制定治疗方案时必须考虑的因素之一。

目前有研究报道了老年人腰椎术后并发症以及长期临床疗效的预测指标,但只有少数关于术后老年人生活质量以及结果满意度的研究报道。而且以前的研究仅仅比较了某一个疾病,且仅限于单节段的关节融合术。现在仍然缺少不同年龄对腰椎退行性疾病手术疗效影响的相关研究。

西班牙海洋医院D. Pe´rez-Prieto等人比较了263例青年人和老年人患者腰椎退行性疾病术前及术后的健康相关生存质量(HRQOF, health-related quality of life)资料,包括ODI, SF-36 及 COMI评分,发表在近期的Eur Spine 杂志上。目的是比较接受过腰椎退行性疾病手术治疗的年轻患者和老年患者残疾度、生活质量以及满意度之间的差异。

实验纳入了2005-2008间由海洋医院骨科中心(两个中心的其中一个)脊柱外科团队所实施手术的263名患者,所有患者均在18岁以上,排出了感染、肿瘤、风湿性疾病以及存在一定语言障碍的患者,统计了患者年龄、性别、职业、临床诊断、治疗方式及合并症等信息。

结果显示椎间盘退行性疾病以及腰椎管狭窄在所有诊断中分别占36.5%及30.4%,在所有术式中TLIF和PL分列第一和第二。每个诊断间平均年龄间无明显统计学差异。除了心理健康之外,术前及术后SF-2问卷上所有指标均有显著改善。

然而,年轻组及老年组之间每个调查指标均没有明显差异,而且对于某个诊断而言,除了老年组PL的ODI评分优于青年组之外,年轻组和老年组间均无明显统计学差异。同时,两组核心结果测量指数(COMI, the Core Outcomes Measures Index )也无明显差异。

本研究中表明老年人术后的生活治疗较术前有明显改善,但是组间比较鲜有阳性结果。Glassman(2007)、Okuda(2006)等的报道也呈现出相似的结果。

2009年Glassman等报道了224例行取髂骨植骨、后外侧关节融合术的腰椎退行性疾病患者的研究,结果与本研究相似。其中>65岁ODI评分提高了28.4,<65岁组为24.5分。相对于青年组,老年组ODI评分获得较大的改善,这可能与两组患者的心理预期不同有关。

本文以65岁作为分界点,有文献报道以70岁作为分界点的类似研究也获得相同结果。本研究的不足之处在于本研究是回顾性研究,而且没有对术后并发症进行分析,同时也仅是中期随访,缺少更长期的随访结果。

虽然有以上不足,但是我们从本研究中可以得知老年腰椎退行性疾病患者在接受手术后可以获得生活质量上较为显著的改善,与年轻组比较没有统计学差异,提示外科医生在进行治疗决策时不应把患者年龄作为手术禁忌症之一,为外科医生进行决策提供参考。

原始出处:

Pérez-Prieto D1, Lozano-Álvarez C, Saló G, Molina A, Lladó A, Puig-Verdié L, Ramírez-Valencia M.Should age be a contraindication for degenerative lumbar surgery?Eur Spine J. 2014 May;23(5):1007-12. doi: 10.1007/s00586-014-3178-1. Epub 2014 Jan 24.

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