JCO:靶向Met的单抗药物onartuzumab有望用于非小细胞肺癌治疗

2013-11-26 MedSci MedSci原创

  近期发表于临床肿瘤学杂志的一项2期临床试验结果显示:一种可阻断MET激活的新药onartuzumab对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)疗效显著。onartuzumab与 erlotinib联合治疗可使MET阳性(经免疫组化技术检测)的NSCLC患者获益,文章发表在10月份的JCO上。   基于上述结果,onartuzumab现已顺利进入3期临床试验阶段,在该阶段主要研究单药(厄洛替尼+

  近期发表于临床肿瘤学杂志的一项2期临床试验结果显示:一种可阻断MET激活的新药onartuzumab对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)疗效显著。onartuzumab与 erlotinib联合治疗可使MET阳性(经免疫组化技术检测)的NSCLC患者获益,文章发表在10月份的JCO上。

  基于上述结果,onartuzumab现已顺利进入3期临床试验阶段,在该阶段主要研究单药(厄洛替尼+安慰剂)和联合用药(onartuzumab +厄洛替尼)对MET阳性的NSCLC患者的疗效。

  靶向作用于MET的激活过程

  来自美国纳什维尔Sarah Cannon研究所的David Spigel教授是这项研究的主要参与者,他解释说MET是种在肿瘤细胞增值扩散中扮演重要角色的跨膜型酪氨酸激酶。

  研究人员提到MET表达升高常见于NSCLC患者的肿瘤组织(据2005年《Cancer》刊发的一项研究结果显示约有76%的患者MET表达阳性)且提示预后不良。Cancer Res.2005;65:1479-1488

  此外,MET可能通过与表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的协同作用在肿瘤的发病过程中起重要作用,且MET的激活可导致存在EGFR诱导突变的肿瘤患者对厄洛替尼产生耐药性。

  因此研究者推测阻断MET激活可使MET阳性的NSCLC患者获益,从而用于治疗对厄洛替尼耐药的肿瘤患者。

  为证实上述理论,研究人员开展了一项纳入137名NSCLC患者的2期临床试验,受试者被随机分配到onartuzumab +厄洛替尼组或厄洛替尼+安慰剂组。从总体上看,两组的无进展生存期(2.2个月 vs 2.6个月)及总生存期(8.9个月 vs 7.4个月)均无显著差异。

  然而在MET阳 性的NSCLC患者(n=66)中却有显著差异(128名患者中约52%为MET阳性)。研究结果显示,66名MET阳性的NSCLC患者的总生存期是阴 性患者的近三倍,onartuzumab +厄洛替尼组及厄洛替尼+安慰剂组的中位生存期分别为12.6个月和3.8个月(风险比为0.37,P=0.002),厄洛替尼+onartuzumab 组的无进展生存期是厄洛替尼+安慰剂组的近两倍(2.9个月 vs 1.5个月,HR为0.53,P=0.04)。

  而62名MET阴性的患者正好与之相反,onartuzumab +厄洛替尼组的预后远远不如厄洛替尼+安慰剂组。

  他们认为上述研究结果强调了诊断性检测在药品研发中的重要性。Onartuzumab较为常见的副作用包括水肿、发热、乏力、失眠及肺炎等。

  作用机制不同?

  Spigel及其团队称上述结果与此前一项研究中MET表达提示预后不良的结论一致,然而onartuzumab +厄洛替尼组的总生存期和无进展生存期得到明显改善的这一试验结果,提示通过联合用药可抵消MET表达致预后不良的负面效应。

  有意思的是总生存期的改善程度远远超过无进展生存期。研究人员认为“有效率低以及无进展生存期和总生存期的改善程度不成比例都提示onartuzumab阻断MET阳性患者体内的MET信号转导通路的作用机制不同于其他受体型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。”

  他们认为“MET可影响肿瘤的转移扩散,因此onartuzumab可能不是直接抑制肿瘤的生长,而是通过抑制肿瘤细胞的扩散侵润来发挥作用。”

  据已发表的研究报告中称本次试验还研究了关于肺癌患者对酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药(如厄洛替尼和克唑替尼)的相关进展,并探讨了EGFR和MET参与的信号转导通路以及联合用药治疗肺癌的理论依据。

  关于MET

  MET是一种由c-met原癌基因编码的蛋白产物,为肝细胞生长因子受体,具有酪氨酸激酶活性,与多种癌基因产物和调节蛋白相关,参与细胞信息传导、 细胞骨架重排的调控,是细胞增殖、分化和运动的重要因素。目前认为,MET与多种癌的发生和转移密切相关,研究表明,许多肿瘤病人在其肿瘤的发生和转移过 程中均有MET过度表达和基因扩增。

原始出处:

Spigel DR, Ervin TJ, Ramlau RA, Daniel DB, Goldschmidt JH Jr, Blumenschein GR Jr, Krzakowski MJ, Robinet G, Godbert B, Barlesi F, Govindan R, Patel T, Orlov SV, Wertheim MS, Yu W, Zha J, Yauch RL, Patel PH, Phan SC, Peterson AC.Randomized Phase II Trial of Onartuzumab in Combination With Erlotinib in Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Nov 10;31(32):4105-14.

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    2014-05-13 一闲
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    2014-10-26 snf701207
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    2013-12-17 lidong40
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    2013-11-28 zhaojie88

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