Development:科学家发现对胚胎发育重要因素

2015-03-17 佚名 生物谷

在女性怀孕期间,其会通过胎盘向胎儿供给氧气和营养物质,如果胎盘的发育受到损伤,就会导致胚胎生长障碍,有时甚至会导致孕妇患危及生命的疾病,比如先兆子痫,其是一种严重的疾病,主要表现为患者高血压及尿蛋白分泌量增加。近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Development上的研究论文中,来自德国MDC研究所的研究人员发现了调节胎盘发育的一种新型分子信号通路,在小鼠机体中该通路的干扰会引发胎盘的发育缺失。文章中,研

在女性怀孕期间,其会通过胎盘向胎儿供给氧气和营养物质,如果胎盘的发育受到损伤,就会导致胚胎生长障碍,有时甚至会导致孕妇患危及生命的疾病,比如先兆子痫,其是一种严重的疾病,主要表现为患者高血压及尿蛋白分泌量增加。近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Development上的研究论文中,来自德国MDC研究所的研究人员发现了调节胎盘发育的一种新型分子信号通路,在小鼠机体中该通路的干扰会引发胎盘的发育缺失。

文章中,研究者主要关注名为GRHL2的基因调节子,该调节子在胎盘发育过程中扮演着重要角色,其可以调节小鼠胚胎机体上皮细胞的分化。当前研究中,研究者发现,GRHL2在健康胎盘中处于较活跃的程度,尤其是在滋养母细胞中,滋养母细胞主要负责内耳迷路的发育,胎盘的内耳迷路是在胚胎和母体血液循环的界面所形成的,其可以确保氧气和营养物质的交换,同时也可以帮助移除胚胎释放的代谢产物。

滋养母细胞可以通过扩散形成内耳迷路,而且这通常是同胚胎血管伴随形成的,因此较大的交互界面将更有利于母体和胎儿之间的“交流”。在小鼠机体中,当研究者使其胚胎和部分胎盘中的GRHL2表达失活时,内耳迷路的发育就会被严重干扰,尤其当滋养母细胞扩张及胎儿血管向胎盘中扩散被损伤时,迷路发育的干扰会更加严重。当研究者仅在胎盘外部使得GRHL2失活时,内耳迷路的发育就会变得正常。

利用全基因组分析技术,研究者发现GRHL2可以调节一种确定的基因程序,这种程序的组分对于胎盘的发育极为重要。最后研究者表示,另外我们还发现GRHL2及其靶点基因在人类的胎盘中也可以表现出活性,我们希望本文的研究为理解孕妇胎盘发育异常及其相关的孕期障碍发生的原因和分子机制提供新的线索和希望。

原始出处:

Katharina Walentin, et al. A Grhl2-dependent gene network controls trophoblast branching morphogenesis. Development. March 15, 2015.

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    2015-04-28 fzwish20000
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    2015-03-19 ailian1202
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    2015-03-19 neurowu