Nat Biotechnol:构建小鼠基因组CRISPR导向RNAs文库

2013-12-29 MedSci MedSci原创

研究人员开发出一种方法,构建出了一个可诱导小鼠基因组全基因靶向突变的CRISPR导向RNA(gRNAs)综合文库。人们可利用这一文库来调查不同细胞类型中每个基因的作用。这一突破性的研究成果在线发表在12月23日的《自然生物技术》(Nature Biotechnology)杂志上。 CRISPR技术是指利用一段与靶序列相同的导向RNA来引导Cas9核酸酶对特异性靶向DNA进行识别和切割,造成DNA

研究人员开发出一种方法,构建出了一个可诱导小鼠基因组全基因靶向突变的CRISPR导向RNA(gRNAs)综合文库。人们可利用这一文库来调查不同细胞类型中每个基因的作用。这一突破性的研究成果在线发表在12月23日的《自然生物技术》(Nature Biotechnology)杂志上。

CRISPR技术是指利用一段与靶序列相同的导向RNA来引导Cas9核酸酶对特异性靶向DNA进行识别和切割,造成DNA的双链或单链断裂。然 后,细胞会利用自身具备的两种DNA复制机制:即非同源性末端结合(Non-homologous end joining, NHEJ)或同源介导的修复(Homology-directed repair, HDR)对断裂的DNA进行修复。这一技术简单高效,科学家们可以采用标准的分子生物学技术,轻易地设计出多种新的导向RNAs。

研究小组发现在测试52个导向RNAs中,有50个可成功切割基因的两个拷贝。这些遗传工程改造的导向RNAs在许多的细胞类型中似乎都取得了一致的极高成功率,由此引导他们构建出了一个可靶向小鼠基因组中每个基因的导向RNAs文库。

论文的主要作者、Wellcome Trust Sanger研究所的Kosuke Yusa博士说:“CRISPR技术正在彻底变革我们研究细胞行为的方式。我们已经开发出了一个全面的文库,其他的研究人员可利用它来研究所有基因的作 用。我们可以为所有的细胞或物种构建出这种类型的文库。”

研究人员设计出了一个包含近90,000条这样的导向RNAs的文库,可以利用这些导向RNAs来靶向和改变小鼠基因组中所有的基因,并构建出了一 些小鼠突变胚胎干细胞。他们利用小鼠突变干细胞针对一种细菌毒素:腐败梭菌α毒素进行了一次遗传筛查,更好地了解了对这一毒素产生抗性的机制:这种毒素对 于所有的细胞类型都具有毒性效应。

研究小组靶向了26个已知与这种细菌毒素受体合成相关的基因。他们揭示出其中17个基因导致了抗性发生。重要的是,他们还发现了从前未知的一些基因,它们发生突变赋予了对这种有毒物质的抗性。

研究小组现在将利用这一导向RNAs文库在癌细胞系中构建突变。细胞可快速地产生耐药并抵抗治疗是癌症药物治疗中的一个主要问题。通过筛查突变导致所有功能丧失的基因,研究小组可以确定哪些基因与癌症治疗耐药有关,由此寻找到临床靶点。

原始出处:

Genome-wide recessive genetic screening in mammalian cells with a lentiviral CRISPR-guide RNA library

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    2014-10-28 liye789132251
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    2014-12-09 shock_melon
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    2014-08-08 dzx0922889
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    2014-08-05 cathymary
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    2014-07-21 sunylz
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    2013-12-31 yuandd

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