HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌TKI治疗 基于分子标志物的预后及疗效分析

2012-01-25 MedSci 中国医学论坛报

  由《中国医学论坛报》和首都医科大学肿瘤学院联合举办的“2011年圣安东尼奥乳腺癌会议(SABCS)圆桌讨论会”于2011年12月19日在北京世纪坛医院召开。   讨论会就生物学标志物预测2型人表皮生长因子受体(HER2)阳性转移性乳腺癌预后及拉帕替尼疗效、雌激素受体(ER)阳性绝经后乳腺癌的内分泌联合靶向治疗、前哨淋巴结阳性患者的腋窝淋巴结清扫以及2011年SABCS成果回顾和未来展望等4方

  由《中国医学论坛报》和首都医科大学肿瘤学院联合举办的“2011年圣安东尼奥乳腺癌会议(SABCS)圆桌讨论会”于2011年12月19日在北京世纪坛医院召开。

  讨论会就生物学标志物预测2型人表皮生长因子受体(HER2)阳性转移性乳腺癌预后及拉帕替尼疗效、雌激素受体(ER)阳性绝经后乳腺癌的内分泌联合靶向治疗、前哨淋巴结阳性患者的腋窝淋巴结清扫以及2011年SABCS成果回顾和未来展望等4方面展开讨论。本期B1~B5版为读者呈现这场圆桌讨论会的精彩场面。

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  ■SABCS圆桌讨论会·议题一

  拉帕替尼是一种双效酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI),通过与2型人表皮生长因子受体(HER2)膜内部分的蛋白激酶域结合,抑制HER2介导的信号传递,从而达到抑制肿瘤生长的目的。然而,在临床前研究中显示,PI3K-AKT通路,作为HER2下游主要信号传导通路之一,其调控的异常会导致乳腺癌细胞对化疗及靶向HER2药物的抵抗。那么,PI3K-AKT通路调控异常是否会影响HER2阳性乳腺癌患者对拉帕替尼的反应呢?

  中国医学科学院肿瘤医院的徐兵河教授在2011年圣安东尼奥乳腺癌会议上报告的研究,通过对EGF104535研究中入组患者肿瘤PIK3CA突变(癌基因的激活)和PTEN缺失(抑癌基因的失活)情况与预后关系的分析,试图回答这一问题。

  徐兵河教授报告的这项研究,不仅是目前为止这一领域国际上最大样本的转化研究,也是本届会议上唯一一个来自中国的口头研究报告。

  ■研究介绍

  研究目的

  在一线接受紫杉醇联合拉帕替尼或紫杉醇单药治疗的HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌患者中,评价PIK3CA突变(Exon 9:E542K,E545D;Exon 20:H1047R)或PTEN缺失[免疫组化(IHC):0或1]对治疗疗效的预测及对预后的影响价值。

  研究设计

  HER2(FISH)阳性初治转移性乳腺癌患者随机入组接受紫杉醇单药(222例)或拉帕替尼联合紫杉醇(222例)治疗。紫杉醇单药组患者病情进展后可选择拉帕替尼单药维持治疗。

  研究的首要终点为总生存(OS),次要终点为无进展生存(PFS)、总反应率(ORR)、临床获益率(CBR)、生物学标志物分析和安全性。

  研究结果

  与紫杉醇单药相比,紫杉醇联合拉帕替尼显著延长患者中位OS(27.8个月对20.5个月)和中位PFS(9.7个月对6.5个月)。

  基于生物学标志物的分析显示,PIK3CA突变提示不良预后,突变型患者OS期明显短于野生型患者(15.0个月对29.3个月)。然而对于 PIK3CA突变患者,联合治疗组在OS期(15个月对14.8个月)和PFS期(7.4个月对6.2个月)方面均较单药组有更优趋势,但由于患者例数较少(2组均30例左右患者),尚不能显示显著差异。对于PIK3CA野生型患者,联合治疗较单药显著降低了疾病进展风险(HR=0.44),OS方面无显著差异。

  PTEN是否缺失对预后无影响。不同PTEN表达状态的患者,联合治疗均能够较单药显著延长PFS。

  ■热点讨论

  PIK3CA突变与预后

  江泽飞教授:在拉帕替尼和紫杉醇联合治疗组中,PIK3CA突变型患者和PIK3CA野生型患者的预后有无差别?同样地,在对照组中,这两型患者的预后有无差别?

  徐兵河教授:在HER2阳性乳腺癌患者中,PIK3CA突变提示预后差,但PTEN不是存活的预后因素。

  在PIK3CA突变人群,我们检测到拉帕替尼组的生存受益趋势(HR= 0.71),但两组无显著差异,其原因可能是PIK3CA突变患者较少,仅有65例。此外,在PIK3CA野生型组,与单用紫杉醇相比,拉帕替尼联合紫杉醇能够显著降低疾病进展风险。

  我们进一步评价了PTEN对拉帕替尼疗效的影响,发现PTEN缺失并不影响PFS和OS。在PTEN正常组,拉帕替尼联合紫杉醇也能显著改善患者PFS。

  因此,我们认为,PIK3CA突变是HER2阳性乳腺癌患者生存的不良预后因素,但不是拉帕替尼疗效的预测因素,PIK3CA突变型和野生型患者疗效相同。而PTEN缺失既不是预后因素也不是预测因素。

  江泽飞教授:那么是否可以这么理解,PIK3CA突变型患者在预后方面劣于野生型患者的原因,是源自于二者在对照组中(紫杉醇单药治疗)疗效的差异?

  徐兵河教授:PIK3CA突变型患者预后差与采用何种治疗无关,即无论采用何种治疗方案,只要是PIK3CA突变型的HER2阳性乳腺癌患者,其预后都比野生型患者差。

  PI3K-AKT通路

  欧阳涛教授:研究选择PIK3CA外显子(Exon)9(E542K、E545D)、Exon 20(H1047R)这三个突变位点检验的原因何在?研究是否有进一步检测这些突变对PI3K蛋白功能的影响?这些突变是影响PI3K激酶功能域还是影响其膜锚定结构域?

  徐兵河教授:这3个位点的选择,是延续了既往曲妥珠单抗临床研究中涉及PIK3CA时选用的位点。目前基本确定这3个氨基酸为常见的影响 PI3K蛋白功能的改变。但由于客观条件限制,我们未进行进一步蛋白(PI3K、AKT)功能的检测。此外,cDNA测序的方式检测PIK3CA突变价格昂贵,费时较长,本研究未采用测序方法。

  对照组设计的伦理学问题

  卢敏教授:这项临床研究被美国学者所重视的原因之一,是由于类似临床研究在美国很难被批准进行。

  由于曲妥珠单抗在美国是HER2阳性乳腺癌患者的标准治疗,因此不可能在对照组中使用紫杉醇单药而不加用曲妥珠单抗。因而,靶向HER2信号通路的其他药物就可能会因此失去在潜在受益患者人群中显示其有效性的机会。

  徐兵河教授:我们的研究设计中未加入曲妥珠单抗的原因,是由于试验策划、设计开始于2003年,在2006~2009年执行。当时,曲妥珠单抗在中国上市不久,很难进行拉帕替尼与曲妥珠单抗的对比研究。

  康骅教授:在试验设计中,对照组患者紫杉醇单药治疗失败后,转成单纯靶向药物治疗,但拉帕替尼疗效在当时尚不确定,这样的设计在伦理学上是否合适?

  江泽飞教授:这样的设计在伦理学上是被允许的。在中国,曲妥珠单抗治疗费用较高且不进入医保,因此部分患者无力承受曲妥珠单抗治疗。因而这部分患者若延续治疗,则会有机会能够继续拉帕替尼的靶向治疗。

  徐兵河教授:对照组治疗失败的患者,是可以选择接受曲妥珠单抗治疗或继续拉帕替尼治疗的。

  研究终点的选择

  江泽飞教授:作为伦理学的补充,虽然对照组患者紫杉醇治疗失败后可以接受拉帕替尼序贯治疗,但产生的问题是,葛兰素史克公司将研究首要终点从 PFS改为OS。这一在研究进行中改变试验终点的作法,不但不符合临床研究设计的原则,而且在治疗交叉(crossover)后OS很难产生疗效差异。

  徐兵河教授:以OS作为研究终点很难产生疗效差异的原因,是由于目前可选择使用的靶向药物很多,OS的结果会被患者出组后的其他靶向治疗的疗效所遮盖。本研究中,拉帕替尼联合紫杉醇组患者的OS较单用紫杉醇组患者明显延长。

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    2012-01-27 zhaojie88
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