JAMA Surg:局部晚期膀胱癌:RC后辅助三明治化疗+放疗vs仅辅助化疗

2017-12-26 吴星 环球医学

2017年11月,发表在《JAMA Surg》的一项由埃及和美国科学家进行的随机2期试验,比较了根治性膀胱切除术(RC)后辅助三明治化疗+放疗(RT)和仅辅助化疗治疗局部晚期膀胱癌(LABC)的效果。

2017年11月,发表在《JAMA Surg》的一项由埃及和美国科学家进行的随机2期试验,比较了根治性膀胱切除术(RC)后辅助三明治化疗+放疗(RT)和仅辅助化疗治疗局部晚期膀胱癌(LABC)的效果。

重要性:LABC患者RC后局部区域失败即使在进行了化疗后也很常见,并与较高的发病率和死亡率相关。辅助RT可降低局部区域失败,但是还没有在同时化疗的背景下进行过研究。

目的:旨在调查与仅辅助化疗相比,辅助序贯RT+化疗是否能改善无局部区域复发生存期(LRFS)。

设计、地点和参与者:研究者进行了一项随机3期试验,比较了LABC患者RC后辅助RT vs序贯化疗+RT,但是由于随机2期试验比较了化疗+RT vs仅辅助化疗,因此随后加入了第三组,作为新出现的标准。这里报告的意愿治疗2期试验纳入了2002年12月~2008年7月的患者。2015年8月3日~2016年1月6日分析了数据。在前2年,每6个月使用计算机断层扫描(CT)进行了常规随访和盆腔监测。研究机构为学术中心。患者的入组标准为,70岁或以下,膀胱癌,具有1个或更多个风险因素(≥pT3b期,3级或淋巴结阳性),根治性膀胱切除术+盆腔淋巴结清扫后切缘阴性。患者的东部协作肿瘤组性能状态为0~2分,无腹部和盆腔CT扫描或胸片证据显示为远处转移,肝肾功能和血液学功能正常。91%(109/120)患者具有≥pT3b期疾病。

干预:化疗+RT方案为,化疗:放疗前和放疗后2个周期的吉西他滨(第1、8和15天静脉1000mg/m2)和顺铂(第2天静脉70mg/m2);放疗:使用三维适形技术进行每天两次150cGy的分割剂量,共3周,总剂量为4500cGy。仅化疗的方案为4个周期的吉西他滨和顺铂。

主要结局和测量:无局部区域复发生存期。

结果:化疗+RT组75例患者,仅化疗组45例患者,将随机化加权为加速收益。53%的患者(64/120)具有尿路上皮癌,46.7%(56/120)具有鳞状细胞癌或其他。除了年龄(中位52 vs 55岁;P=0.04)和肿瘤大小(平均4.9 vs 5.8cm;P<0.01),其他因素都很好的平衡,都显示化疗+RT更佳。化疗+RT vs仅化疗的两年结局和总体调整风险比(HR)分别为:LRFS:96% vs 69%(HR,0.08;95% CI,0.02~0.39;P<0.01),无疾病生存率:68% vs 56%(HR,0.53;95% CI,0.27~1.06;P=0.07),总生存率:71% vs 60%(HR,0.61;95% CI,0.33~1.11;P=0.11)。化疗+RT组有5例患者(7%)发生RT相关的晚发型3级胃肠道不良反应。

结论和意义:与仅化疗相比,LABC患者中,辅助化疗+RT的耐受性良好,与LRFS的显着改善相关,与无疾病生存期的边际改善相关。LABC患者可考虑添加辅助RT。该方案需要在3期试验中进一步研究。

原始出处:

Zaghloul MS, Christodouleas JP, Smith A,et al. Adjuvant Sandwich Chemotherapy Plus Radiotherapy vs Adjuvant Chemotherapy Alone for Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer After Radical Cystectomy: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial. JAMA Surg. 2017 Nov 29:e174591. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.4591.

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