Cell Reports:IFN-beta:早衰恶魔or抗肿瘤先锋?

2015-05-08 佚名 生物谷

长久以来,我们认为机体的衰老与DNA的损伤存在紧密的联系。老年人体内会出现大量的DNA突变事件,同时很多老龄化的症状开始显现。根据小鼠模型,老年小鼠的DNA损伤能够引起基因组的不稳定,影响干细胞的再生能力,从而导致组织的老化与异常。 虽然DNA损伤与细胞老化的联系长久以来深入人心,但其中的分子机制并不清楚,尽管之前有很多研究集中在DNA损伤事件发生后引起的旁分泌效应(paracrine acti

长久以来,我们认为机体的衰老与DNA的损伤存在紧密的联系。老年人体内会出现大量的DNA突变事件,同时很多老龄化的症状开始显现。根据小鼠模型,老年小鼠的DNA损伤能够引起基因组的不稳定,影响干细胞的再生能力,从而导致组织的老化与异常。

虽然DNA损伤与细胞老化的联系长久以来深入人心,但其中的分子机制并不清楚,尽管之前有很多研究集中在DNA损伤事件发生后引起的旁分泌效应(paracrine action)。由于DNA的损伤会引起炎症反应,来自美国宾夕法尼亚大学医学院的Serge Y. Fuchs课题组希望了解I型干扰素在此过程中是否发挥了作用。他们的研究结果发表在最近一期的《Cell Report》杂志上。
 
首先,作者构建了端粒酶特异性互作蛋白TRF1与核酸酶Fok1的融合载体并导入了细胞中,这一处理能够导致端粒酶所在染色体部位的DSB(double stand break,一类DNA损伤的形式)发生。结果显示,相较于对照处理(即导入失活后的核酸酶基因),该处理能够提高细胞IFN-beta的表达量。另外,当向细胞中加入IFN-beta的中和抗体后,能够减弱IRF-7的表达。这一实验结果说明DNA的损伤能够促进IFN-beta的表达,进而促进IRF-7的表达。
 
之后,作者利用另外一种可诱导的DSB模型(通过小分子药物:4-hydroxytamoxifen激活核酸酶活性从而在U2Osr细胞中产生DSB效应),并分析了IRF-3在此过程中的作用。他们发现,IRF-3的siRNA抑制能够减弱DSB引起的IFN信号以及IFN-beta的表达。在病毒感染中,IRF-3会发生大量的入核行为,然而,在DSB发生后,之后少量的IRF-3入核,并且集中在DSB位点附近。作者对IRF-3的入核信号调节机制做了深入的研究,他们发现,DSB激活后引起的ATM,以及IKKa/b能够促进IRF-3的入核,而其它信号如DNA-PK(促进IRF-3在核内的停留),Rnf8/Rnf168 泛素连接酶(修复DSB损伤),ATF2(调节IFN-beta的转录),STING,TBK1,MDA-5等均不影响IRF-3的入核。
 
在IFN-beta的产生方面,作者利用以上的诱导型DSB系统发现DSB损伤能够引发稳态的IFN-beta的表达提升,而且这一提升也受到ATM的控制。之后,他们从werner综合征,Hutchinson-Gilford progeria 综合征患者(均为基因突变引起的早老症)样本或端粒酶缺陷型小鼠(持续发生DSB事件)的样本中得到了相似的结果。
 
为了研究IFN-beta的产生对疾病的发生怎样的作用,作者利用werner综合征患者的成纤维细胞样本进行研究。当他们利用IFN-beta中和抗体对样本进行处理后,发现细胞从G0期进入了活跃的S期与G2/M期。作者利用中和抗体阻断了IFN-beta的活性或者敲低了IFN-R1的水平后发现细胞衰亡的比例显著降低。在端粒酶缺失型小鼠样本中的上述处理得到了相似的结果。以上实验结果表明IFN-beta能够抑制细胞的分裂,促进细胞的衰亡。
 
之后,作者发现IFN-beta能够导致小鼠肠道上皮组织的干细胞增殖异常,出现衰老或凋亡的状态,而这一效应能够通过阻断IFN-R1而缓解。
 
接下来,作者希望研究IFN-beta引起细胞凋亡或衰老的具体工作机制。作者通过实验发现内源性的IFN-beta能够扩大DNA损伤的效应,而这一效应能够通过阻断IFN-R1而得到抑制。这一结果说明DNA损伤产生的IFN-beta能够以反馈形式促进DNA的进一步损伤发生。
 
最后,作者通过体内实验验证了IFN-beta的信号能够导致小鼠生殖细胞与干细胞的衰亡,并且导致小鼠的早衰,早死表型。

原始出处:

Qiujing Yu4, Yuliya V. Katlinskaya4, Christopher J. Carbone, Bin Zhao, Kanstantsin V. Katlinski, Hui Zheng, Manti Guha, Ning Li, Qijun Chen, Ting Yang, Christopher J. Lengner, Roger A. Greenberg, F. Brad Johnson, Serge Y. Fuchs.DNA-Damage-Induced Type I Interferon Promotes Senescence and Inhibits Stem Cell Function.Cell Reports, April 23, 2015.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.069

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    2015-11-28 维他命
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    2015-05-10 bugit
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    2015-05-08 huaxipanxing

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