女神福利:经前烦躁不安有救了!

2021-03-09 DY MedSci原创

如何破防女性专属病?

图片calgaryjournal.ca

长期以来,人们都知道月经周期会影响女性的情绪和幸福感。对于大多数育龄妇女来说,这表现为轻微的症状,不需要任何治疗,但对于3%-5%的妇女来说,月经周期中的激素变化会导致致残性精神症状:经前烦躁症(PMDD)

PMDD是一种严重的、致残性的经前综合征。该病在月经周期的黄体期每月反复出现,从十几岁开始一直到更年期,几乎影响着女性终生最重要的时间段。但那些下丘脑性闭经或怀孕和哺乳期的女性不会受此病影响。患有PMDD的女性自杀风险较高,有自杀念头的比例是普通人群的2.8倍,有自杀计划史的比例是4.15倍,自杀未遂的比例是3.3倍,亟需引起关注和治疗。

PMDD的常见症状有哪些?一般来说分几大类:

  • 心理:烦躁、紧张、愤怒、失眠、难以集中精力、抑郁、健忘、严重疲劳、偏执、焦虑、混乱、妄想、敏感、沮丧等;

  • 液体潴留:手和脚及脚踝肿胀、定期体重增加、尿量减少、乳房肿胀和疼痛;

  • 呼吸系统:易感染和过敏;

  • 眼睛:视觉变化、眼部感染;

  • 胃肠道:腹部绞痛、便秘、恶心、呕吐;

  • 皮肤:粉刺、皮肤发痒发炎、其他皮肤疾病加重(包括唇疱疹);

  • 神经和血管:头痛、头晕以及手臂和/或双腿麻木刺痛、容易瘀伤、肌肉痉挛;

  • 其他还包括月经痛、性欲减退、食欲变化、潮热等症状。

关于PMDD的原因,目前最被认同的可能是对某些激素水平波动的敏感性提高、环境压力和遗传易感性。性类固醇——雌激素和孕激素,具有神经活性。在大鼠模型中,它们已被注意到参与血清素(5-羟色胺)途径。而血清素与雌激素一起参与人的情绪调节。

2017年,美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)的研究人员发现,PMDD患者的基因变化使她们的细胞对雌激素和孕激素反应过度,并猜测这参与导致了PMDD症状

图片在PMDD患者中,ESC/E(Z)基因网络的表达受到系统性干扰.The ESC/E(Z) complex, an effector of response to ovarian steroids, manifests an intrinsic difference in cells from women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder.https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.229

一些研究表明,患有PMDD的人在怀孕后患产后抑郁症的风险更大,但其他证据表明与这一观点相反。但无论如何,作为被列入《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》抑郁症名单中的疾病,其对女性患者的危害性极大,一旦发生就必须进行治疗。

现有的治疗方法包括生活方式的调整和药物治疗。在改变生活方式方面,建议:

  • 改变饮食习惯,增加蛋白质并减少糖、盐、咖啡因和酒精的摄入;

  • 定期运动;

  • 压力管理

  • 补充维生素和矿物质(例如维生素B6、钙和镁)。

     

有时使用药物可以帮助控制症状:

  • 抗抑郁药。一般为选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)。SSRIs可改变大脑中的血清素水平。包括氟西汀、舍曲林、盐酸帕罗西汀

  • 避孕药。含有屈螺酮和炔雌醇的口服避孕药可用来治疗PMDD。

  • 非处方止痛药可能有助于缓解身体症状,例如抽筋、关节痛、头痛、腰酸和乳房胀痛。包括布洛芬、阿司匹林等。

 

近日,科学家发现使用选择性孕激素受体调节剂治疗PMDD后,患者精神症状可得到明显改善,这为PMDD提供了一种有前途疗法。

图片https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030286

来自瑞典乌普萨拉大学、卡罗林斯卡学院和于默奥大学大学的研究人员进行了一项多中心、双盲、随机、平行组临床试验,在三个28天的治疗周期内,使PMDD女性(N=95)接受5mg/d的选择性孕激素受体调节剂醋酸乌利司他(UPA)或安慰剂治疗,并通过问题严重程度评分表(DRSP)记录患者经前从基线到治疗结束的总分变化。

结果显示,UPA组DRSP评分的平均改善率为41%(SD=18),而安慰剂组为22%(SD=27)。UPA组也显示出了对抑郁症状的治疗效果,但对躯体症状无效。

这意味着,UPA可能是治疗PMDD的有效方法,特别是对与该疾病相关的心理症状。乌普萨拉大学的Inger Sundström-Poromaa教授指出:“该类药物的副作用很轻微,有望成为PMDD患者的治疗选择”。

展望未来,研究人员目前正在研究孕激素受体调节剂如何影响PMDD女性的大脑。

如今,PMDD的一线治疗药物是SSRIs,虽然这些药物非常有效,但并不适合所有女性。希望未来科学家能开发出更多可以具体地解决PMDD的潜在治疗方法,解决这种女性专属疾病。最后,祝广大女性朋友节日快乐!

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    2021-03-11 晓辰
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576018, encodeId=1c2c15e601863, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dc666e14367' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#烦躁#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=67143, encryptionId=dc666e14367, topicName=烦躁)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f58216274428, createdName=晓辰, createdTime=Thu Mar 11 04:35:34 CST 2021, time=2021-03-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=947093, encodeId=e06094e093e8, content=经期俺的烦躁不安, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210110/e6124a4b19bc40ce8afaae096d21126b/dd778ac260c9416eb87e7d08139507f5.jpg, createdBy=4d2f5079605, createdName=科研科研科研, createdTime=Wed Mar 10 13:28:51 CST 2021, time=2021-03-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=946872, encodeId=92b89468e299, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Tue Mar 09 17:58:42 CST 2021, time=2021-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=946852, encodeId=1363946852bf, content=似乎为自己的周期行为找到了理论依据, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ddae5467275, createdName=ms2000001000385049, createdTime=Tue Mar 09 17:16:34 CST 2021, time=2021-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-10 科研科研科研

    经期俺的烦躁不安

    0

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    2021-03-09 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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    2021-03-09 ms2000001000385049

    似乎为自己的周期行为找到了理论依据

    0