Diabetes Care:又是它!“神药”二甲双胍通过影响肠道微生物起减肥作用!

2021-07-30 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

二甲双胍是全世界最常用的降糖药物。肠道是二甲双胍的主要储存库,在空肠中的累积量是血浆的30-300倍。

二甲双胍是全世界最常用的降糖药物。肠道是二甲双胍的主要储存库,在空肠中的累积量是血浆的30-300倍。此外,将药物输送到低位肠道,血浆暴露量较低,比延长释放的二甲双胍具有更大的降糖效果,为二甲双胍的肠道介导机制提供了进一步的证据。

二甲双胍肠道介导的健康效应可能特别源于肠道微生物群的改变。Cabreiro等人的一项开创性研究表明,二甲双胍通过改变大肠杆菌的叶酸和蛋氨酸的生产而延长了优雅凯诺犬实验犬的寿命,之后的横断面研究、单臂研究和一项短期试验都提供了二甲双胍影响肠道微生物群组成的证据。

特别是,人类研究表明,二甲双胍持续增加大肠杆菌的丰度,减少巴氏肠杆菌。在小鼠中,广谱抗生素会抵消二甲双胍的微生物效应。也有证据表明二甲双胍会增加人类的短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的产生。

然而,研究和临床应用的一个突出问题是,二甲双胍对微生物组和短链脂肪酸的影响是短暂的还是长期存在的,以及它们是否在二甲双胍的健康效应中起作用尚不清楚。为此,近期发表在《糖尿病护理》Diabetes Care杂志上的研究给出了结论。

来自美国约翰霍普金斯大学临床研究中心的专家牵头进行了一项3个平行臂的随机试验。研究人体招募了曾接受过实体瘤治疗但没有正在进行的癌症治疗的超重/肥胖成年人,并将他们(n = 121)随机分配到1)二甲双胍(最多2000mg),2)教练指导的行为减肥,或3)自我指导的护理(对照),为期12个月。

分别在基线(n = 114)、6个月(n = 109)和12个月(n = 105)收集粪便和血清。从粪便中提取了微生物DNA,并进行了扩增子和元基因组测序;从空腹血清中测量SCFAs和其他生化参数。

指导减肥组、二甲双胍组和自我减肥组中,基线和6个月(上)以及基线和12个月(下)之间肠道微生物群ASVs的相对丰度变化。

在121名参与者中,79%是女性,46%是黑人,平均年龄为60岁。总的来说,只有二甲双胍治疗明显改变了微生物群组成。与对照组相比,二甲双胍治疗6、12个月时增加了大肠杆菌和小肠球菌的扩增子序列变体,减少了巴氏肠杆菌,并在12个月时减少了罗斯菌属。

与行为减肥组相比,二甲双胍组治疗效果相似。但与对照组相比,二甲双胍在6个月时还增加了丁酸盐、乙酸盐和戊酸盐的含量,但12个月时没有观察到上述现象。此外,行为减肥组与对照组相比,没有明显改变微生物群组成,但在6个月时增加了乙酸盐含量。

指导减肥组、二甲双胍组和自我减肥组之间从基线到6个月和12个月的中心对数比(CLR)转换的细菌丰度的平均变化。

醋酸盐的增加与空腹胰岛素的减少有关。对二甲双胍组的一个子集进行的全基因组测序显示,二甲双胍改变了62条元基因组功能途径,包括一条生产醋酸的途径和三条葡萄糖代谢的途径。

综上,二甲双胍治疗影响了6个月和12个月的肠道微生物群组成,同时改变了6个月时的循环SCFAs。

 

参考文献:

Metformin Affects Gut Microbiome Composition and Function and Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 2021 Jul; 44(7): 1462-1471. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2257

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    2022-05-31 智智灵药

    #Diabetes#

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    2021-10-19 wjcjjian
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    2021-09-23 ms9608593228839890

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2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048394, encodeId=5917104839416, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 22:50:47 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1004000, encodeId=09f81004000e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce9d239823b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍#</a>通过影响<a href='/topic/show?id=b1fd816e094' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道微生物#</a>达到<a href='/topic/show?id=023031264fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#减肥#</a>作用,其实是可以理解的。二甲双胍本来也会影响消化功能,影响食欲的哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=292, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23982, 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    2021-08-10 ms3000000426271603

    优秀

    0

  5. 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2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048394, encodeId=5917104839416, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 22:50:47 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1004000, encodeId=09f81004000e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce9d239823b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍#</a>通过影响<a href='/topic/show?id=b1fd816e094' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道微生物#</a>达到<a href='/topic/show?id=023031264fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#减肥#</a>作用,其实是可以理解的。二甲双胍本来也会影响消化功能,影响食欲的哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=292, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23982, encryptionId=ce9d239823b, topicName=二甲双胍), TopicDto(id=81670, encryptionId=b1fd816e094, topicName=肠道微生物), TopicDto(id=31264, encryptionId=023031264fd, topicName=减肥)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 21:41:20 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-16 ms5439512287675881

    #BET#

    0

  6. 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2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048394, encodeId=5917104839416, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 22:50:47 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1004000, encodeId=09f81004000e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce9d239823b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍#</a>通过影响<a href='/topic/show?id=b1fd816e094' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道微生物#</a>达到<a href='/topic/show?id=023031264fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#减肥#</a>作用,其实是可以理解的。二甲双胍本来也会影响消化功能,影响食欲的哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=292, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23982, encryptionId=ce9d239823b, topicName=二甲双胍), TopicDto(id=81670, encryptionId=b1fd816e094, topicName=肠道微生物), TopicDto(id=31264, encryptionId=023031264fd, topicName=减肥)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 21:41:20 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-31 ms3000001148858725

    学习了

    0

  7. 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2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048394, encodeId=5917104839416, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 22:50:47 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1004000, encodeId=09f81004000e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ce9d239823b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二甲双胍#</a>通过影响<a href='/topic/show?id=b1fd816e094' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道微生物#</a>达到<a href='/topic/show?id=023031264fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#减肥#</a>作用,其实是可以理解的。二甲双胍本来也会影响消化功能,影响食欲的哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=292, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23982, encryptionId=ce9d239823b, topicName=二甲双胍), TopicDto(id=81670, encryptionId=b1fd816e094, topicName=肠道微生物), TopicDto(id=31264, encryptionId=023031264fd, topicName=减肥)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 21:41:20 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-30 土豆你个马铃薯

    神药了

    0

  8. 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    2021-07-30 misszhang

    二甲双胍,神药!

    0

  9. 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    2021-07-30 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

    0

  10. 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    2021-07-30 小小医者

    #二甲双胍#通过影响#肠道微生物#达到#减肥#作用,其实是可以理解的。二甲双胍本来也会影响消化功能,影响食欲的哦

    0

拓展阅读

最新研究:二甲双胍再上神坛!或能逆转萎缩性胃炎伴肠化!

萎缩性胃炎伴肠化属于胃癌前病变,遵循 Correa 癌变进展链条。根除幽门螺杆菌与定期胃镜随访是核心方案。临床试验证实小剂量二甲双胍可促进肠化逆转,但仍属超说明书探索用药,不可自行服用。

二甲双胍又翻车了?JAMA研究:二甲双胍防不了共病,真正管用的是它

对于糖尿病前期人群,强化生活方式干预能显著降低长期多种慢性病共病的风险;而被捧上神坛的二甲双胍,在降低共病负担这件事上,和安慰剂没有任何统计学差异。

最新研究:二甲双胍再上神坛;或能逆转萎缩性胃炎伴肠化!

萎缩伴肠化属 Correa 癌前病变进程,根除 Hp、定期胃镜、健康生活为核心基础方案;临床研究证实低剂量二甲双胍可提升肠化逆转率,机制与 AMPK 通路调控相关,但仍处探索阶段,不可自行购药服用。

颠覆!神药二甲双胍,经典降糖机制竟出错了?Nature子刊:降糖核心不在肝脏,而在肠道,且还能抑制食欲

这项研究发现,二甲双胍能够特异性抑制肠道上皮细胞中的线粒体复合体Ⅰ,将肠道转变为一个持续消耗葡萄糖的「代谢池」,从而显著降低餐后血糖水平。

吃二甲双胍的人注意!你的心肺和血压收益可能被偷走了一半

二甲双胍不仅不会增强运动效果,反而会显著削弱运动带来的心肺功能和血压改善。

效果堪比剧烈运动,二甲双胍又“神”了!最新研究:不运动也能收获运动的代谢益处,帮助癌症患者控制体重

这项研究揭示了,二甲双胍在非糖尿病的癌症患者身上同样能模拟出运动的代谢益处,而且不受疾病分期、是否使用激素治疗、BMI高低的影响。