Nature Chemistry:大肠杆菌素致癌机制获破解

2019-09-29 佚名 中国科学报

人体肠道中大肠杆菌释出的一种毒素可能与大肠癌有关。近日,研究人员破解了大肠杆菌素致癌机制,该研究不但为大肠杆菌对人类健康的影响带来新见解,还有助推动预防大肠癌的研究。相关论文刊登于《自然—化学》。

人体肠道中大肠杆菌释出的一种毒素可能与大肠癌有关。近日,研究人员破解了大肠杆菌素致癌机制,该研究不但为大肠杆菌对人类健康的影响带来新见解,还有助推动预防大肠癌的研究。相关论文刊登于《自然—化学》。

大肠杆菌虽然可以帮助消化食物及调节免疫系统,但它们也有毒性,可导致细胞周期停滞甚至死亡。科学家早已发现大肠杆菌所产生的大肠杆菌素是一种基因毒性化合物,可以破坏真核细胞中 DNA 的双螺旋结构,增加大肠癌风险。不过,由于这种化合物浓度低、状态不稳定及生物合成反应路径过于复杂,它如何导致 DNA 受损至今仍是一个谜。

香港科技大学教授钱培元团队及美国加州大学伯克利分校等机构的合作者,利用新生物合成方式解开了这个谜团。研究人员不仅成功复制大肠杆菌素基因,更发现可以大量培植相关基因的方法,以进行测试及验证。经过反复分析及化验多种大肠杆菌素前体化合物,团队最终确定大肠杆菌素 - 645 是引致 DNA 双螺旋结构受损的元凶,并发现其生物合成反应路径和损害 DNA 双螺旋结构的机制。

“我们的研究确认了大肠杆菌素 - 645 会直接破坏 DNA 的双螺旋结构,进一步解释了大肠杆菌素对健康的影响,补上长久以来缺失的一块拼图。” 钱培元说。

该研究重组大肠杆菌素的分子骨架,可以为设计及合成有效的 DNA 分解试剂,例如合成限制性内切酶或癌症化疗药物提供基础。

原始出处:

Zhong-Rui Li, Jie Li, Wenlong Cai, et al. Macrocyclic colibactin induces DNA double-strand breaks via copper-mediated oxidative cleavage. Nature Chemistry 11, pages880–889 (2019) .

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    2019-10-30 liye789132251
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    2019-10-01 jambiya