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贝伐珠单抗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤放射治疗后难治性瘤周水肿疗效观察

2021-11-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

肺癌是发病率及病死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,其中非小细胞肺癌约占85% ,是与脑转移瘤发展相关的常见原发性癌症。脑转移瘤病灶高表达阻滞血管内皮生长因子,促进大量结构异常的肿瘤新生血管生成并增加其通透性,导

肺癌是发病率及病死率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,其中非小细胞肺癌约占85% ,是与脑转移瘤发展相关的常见原发性癌症。脑转移瘤病灶高表达阻滞血管内皮生长因子,促进大量结构异常的肿瘤新生血管生成并增加其通透性,导致血管内液体渗出,从而引起瘤周水肿。射线照射脑组织会引起脑微血管损伤,可加重瘤周水肿。贝伐珠单抗是一种重组人源化单克隆抗体,通过与血管内皮生长因子结合可竞争性地抑制后者与内皮细胞表面受体合,减少内皮细胞增殖和新生血管形成,降低血管通透性,从而减轻 瘤周水肿。本研究旨在探讨贝伐珠单抗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤放射治疗后难治性瘤周水肿的疗效。


选取自 2015年10月至2018年10月某院收治的 34 例非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤患者为研究对象。所有患者在接受贝伐珠单抗治疗前均接受了颅内转移瘤头部立体定向放射治疗( 伽玛刀) ,且诊断为难治性瘤周水肿。排除标准: 颅内转移灶数目≥4 个者; 急性脑疝或合并严重的多脏器功能衰竭者。其中,男性19例,女性15例; 年龄41~79岁,平均年龄( 62. 25 ± 2. 70) 岁。


所有患者应用贝伐珠单抗治疗,根据患者的体质量,按照5 mg /kg的标准确定贝伐珠单抗的单次使用剂量,将贝伐珠单抗稀释于0. 9% 氯化钠注射液中进行静脉滴注,注射时间 > 90 min,3 周用药1次,治疗期间应用甘露醇、地塞米松辅助治疗,治疗过程对患者进行血压监测。34例患者中,最长治疗周期为 12个周期,最短治疗周期为1个周期。以 21 d为1个治疗周期。


应用贝伐珠单抗后平均每2个周期进行一次评估,记录患者治疗前后的远期生活质量( karnofsky performance scale,KPS) 评分、病灶水肿面积变化情况以及不良反应发生情况。KPS 评分根据生活质量评分表进行判断,总分为 100分。瘤周水肿评价标准: 应用 Bitzer 等[4]在研究瘤周水肿时用到的测量方法,根据患者头部磁共振影像资料,将肿瘤及水肿体积假设为椭圆形,a、b、c 分别代表三个最大径,根据球类体积公式分别计算包括水肿和肿瘤在内的病变大小以及肿瘤本身大小,两者比为水肿指数。


治疗后患者 KPS 评分为( 77. 75 ± 4. 25) 分,明显高于治疗前的( 62. 45 ± 3. 48) 分,差异有统计学意义( P < 0. 05) 。治疗后的瘤周水肿指数 为( 6. 48 ± 2. 07) ,低于治疗前 的( 11. 35 ± 3. 06) ,差异有统计学意义( P < 0. 05) 。治疗后出血表现的有2例,其中,鼻出血1例,痰中带血1例,均为轻微出血,经对症治疗后出血停止,未出现严重出血; 高血压1例,为老年女性,用药前无高血压病史,给予口服降压药后血压可控制在正常水平; 胃肠道不适2例,表现为恶心、胃部不适等症状,给予抑制胃酸分泌、保护胃黏膜、止吐等对症处理后上述症状缓解。


综上所述,贝伐珠单抗能明显改善非小细胞肺癌脑转移放射治疗后瘤周水肿患者的颅高压症状,提高 KPS 评分,降低瘤周水肿指数,且观察期内未出现严重的不良反应。但本研究样本量偏少,且患者应用贝伐珠单抗周期不等,缺少长期随访观察,对于贝伐珠单抗的远期疗效还需要大样本、多中心的进一步研究。


原始出处:临床军医杂志 2020 年 11 月 第 48 卷 第 11 期 Clin J Med Offic,Vol. 48,No. 11,Nov,2020

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1954844, encodeId=d7541954844c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e4f39220658' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#贝伐珠#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92206, encryptionId=e4f39220658, topicName=贝伐珠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Mon Jan 17 19:40:56 CST 2022, time=2022-01-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2076083, encodeId=57b420e6083a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8a3b93455ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转移瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93455, encryptionId=8a3b93455ec, topicName=转移瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3eaf430, createdName=bsmagic9132, createdTime=Fri Aug 19 23:40:56 CST 2022, time=2022-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2060053, encodeId=0a072060053a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc599381bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非小细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99381, encryptionId=2cc599381bd, topicName=非小细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e07307, createdName=lingaifan, createdTime=Wed Feb 09 08:40:56 CST 2022, time=2022-02-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1333496, encodeId=5bdb1333496d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4ce26423802' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#水肿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64238, encryptionId=4ce26423802, topicName=水肿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKCRibWHQArPHdSkqP90U1HwwqlGeU7BUgzY240D3v2ibBDJ09ybkGkwOjxz7qRmngZaGlK1taX6hfA/132, createdBy=2e772500094, createdName=小华子, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 09:40:56 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1336588, encodeId=4cc7133658879, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=424185133f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑转移瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85133, encryptionId=424185133f8, topicName=脑转移瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b71f2500114, createdName=1179102698_36768926, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 09:40:56 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1477092, encodeId=c0a214e70928e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c32e9220221' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#贝伐#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92202, encryptionId=c32e9220221, topicName=贝伐)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ef557344179, createdName=sunrural_42825359, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 09:40:56 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1528815, encodeId=133015288158c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=74b798601a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#难治性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98601, encryptionId=74b798601a1, topicName=难治性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1ef11916292, createdName=freve, createdTime=Tue Nov 23 09:40:56 CST 2021, time=2021-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-23 小华子
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    2021-11-23 freve

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