Lancet子刊:HIV和肺动脉高压:CD4和病毒载量很重要。

2022-09-16 刘少飞 MedSci原创

HIV相关性肺动脉高压是一种以肺血管重塑、肺动脉压升高和右心衰竭为特征的危及生命的疾病。有人提出,艾滋病病毒感染者的肺动脉高压发病率高于普通人群。

联合抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 的使用已将 HIV 感染从致命疾病转变为慢性疾病。因此,长期心肺并发症,包括 HIV 相关的肺动脉高压,已成为发病率和死亡率的主要来源,代表了重要的医疗保健问题。

HIV相关性肺动脉高压是一种以肺血管重塑、肺动脉压升高和右心衰竭为特征的危及生命的疾病。有人提出,艾滋病病毒感染者的肺动脉高压发病率高于普通人群。然而,这一理论是基于有限的证据推测的,因为大多数已发表的研究都是横断面的,样本量小,或者不包括适当的比较组。

需要对 HIV 感染者的肺动脉高压进行纵向研究,以评估肺动脉高压的风险是否会随着 HIV 的增加而增加,尤其是随着 HIV 感染的恶化。退伍军人老龄化队列研究 (VACS) 提供了一个独特的机会来解决这个问题,因为它的样本量大、随访期长,以及人口统计学上相似的患有和未感染 HIV 的参与者。在《柳叶刀健康长寿》中,Meredith S Duncan 及其同事使用来自 VACS 参与者的数据用于临床超声心动图,其中报告了估计的肺动脉收缩压 (PASP)。最终分析样本包括 13028 名参与者(4174 名 [32%] 感染 HIV 和 8854 名 [68%] 未感染 HIV),基线 PASP 测量值为 35 mm Hg 或更低。中位年龄为 58 岁(IQR 52-64),12 657 人(97%)为男性。感染艾滋病毒的退伍军人肺动脉高压发病率为 28·6 例/1000 人年(95% CI 26·1-31·3),23·4 例/1000 人年(21·9-24·9)没有 HIV 的退伍军人 (p=0·0004)。感染 HIV 的退伍军人发生肺动脉高压的风险高于未感染 HIV 的退伍军人(未经调整的 HR 1·25 [95% CI 1·12-1·40],p<0·0001),并且这种关联在调整后仍然显着对于潜在的混杂因素(HR 1·18 [1·05–1·34],p=0·0062)。据报道,低 CD4 计数和高病毒载量与达到临床肺动脉高压阈值的风险和超过 10 mmHg 的 PASP 进展相关,表明 ART 可以通过免疫恢复和病毒控制来降低肺动脉高压的风险。4然而,尽管 ART 对胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常有影响,但是否会增加肺动脉高压的风险这一问题仍未得到解答,因此无法确定 ART 对肺动脉高压的总体影响。

Duncan 及其同事的工作有助于我们了解 HIV 与肺动脉高压之间的因果关系。然而,这种联系的生物学基础仍未确定。有限的可用证据表明 HIV 病毒蛋白和全身炎症在 HIV 相关肺动脉高压的发病机制中的作用。有趣的是,最近的数据表明免疫代谢在 HIV 发病机制、疾病进展和相关的非传染性疾病中的作用。进一步研究解决 HIV 相关肺动脉高压的细胞代谢可能为疾病机制提供新的见解并开发新的治疗策略。此外,还需要进一步努力提高对 HIV 感染者这种临床状况的认识和早期发现。

 

参考文献:

Ding Y, He N. HIV and pulmonary hypertension: CD4 and viral load matter. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021 Jul;2(7):e389-e390. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(21)00137-9. Epub 2021 Jun 16. PMID: 36098147.

 

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    2022-11-25 howi
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    2023-08-10 qidongfanjian
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