许顶立:心衰患者水钠储留的处理策略

2015-07-06 许顶立 UMED

中国医师协会心力衰竭专业委员会成立大会暨中国心力衰竭防治战略高峰论坛于2015年7月4日在北京隆重召开。南方医科大学附属南方医院许顶立教授在论坛上做了精彩的报告。水钠潴留是心力衰竭出现症状的主要原因。左心衰竭主要表现为肺循环淤血,右心衰竭主要表现为体循环淤血。体液潴留使患者预后恶化。心力衰竭患者常伴有水钠潴留。利尿治疗仍然是重要的关键环节,是有症状心力衰竭治疗的第一步,是心力衰竭治疗中必不可少的组

中国医师协会心力衰竭专业委员会成立大会暨中国心力衰竭防治战略高峰论坛于2015年7月4日在北京隆重召开。南方医科大学附属南方医院许顶立教授在论坛上做了精彩的报告。

水钠潴留是心力衰竭出现症状的主要原因。心衰竭主要表现为肺循环淤血,右心衰竭主要表现为体循环淤血。体液潴留使患者预后恶化。心力衰竭患者常伴有水钠潴留。利尿治疗仍然是重要的关键环节,是有症状心力衰竭治疗的第一步,是心力衰竭治疗中必不可少的组成部分。合理使用利尿剂是其他治疗心衰药物取得成功的关键因素之一,而不恰当的大剂量使用利尿剂则会导致血容量不足,发生低血压、肾功能不全和电解质紊乱的风险。

在众多控制液体潴留的药物中又以襻利尿剂为首选,其临床应用使多数患者肺水肿和外周水肿的症状和体征得以在短时间内明显改善。襻利尿剂增加钠排泄20-25%,并促进游离水清除肾功能受损时仍有效。噻嗪类利尿剂增加钠排泄仅5~10%,并有减少游离水清除的倾向,肾功能受损时失效,适于有高血压并轻度液体潴留的心衰患者。

目前,根据患者每日的体质量变化、医患之间密切随访沟通和(或)监测生物学指标(如尿量、氧饱和度等)来灵活调整利尿剂的给药是心衰治疗的一个重大进展。怎样调整利尿剂的应用——何时用,何时停,如何调整剂量?利尿剂临床应用原则为:小剂量开始,如呋噻米每日20mg,氢氯噻嗪每日25mg;逐渐增量直至尿量增加,体重每日减轻0.5-1.0Kg;一旦病情控制(如肺部罗音消失,水肿消退,体重稳定),以最小有效剂量长期维持。维持期间,据液体潴留情况随时调整剂量。

合理使用利尿剂是其他治疗心衰药物取得成功的关键因素之一。积极探索心衰患者水钠潴留的简便、有效、准确和无创的评估方法来指导利尿剂的应该引起临床医生的高度重视。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2009589, encodeId=a9182009589e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=434e42463ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#处理策略#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42463, encryptionId=434e42463ec, topicName=处理策略)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 20:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2007252, encodeId=db1d200e252eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b34b9138164' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#许顶立#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91381, encryptionId=b34b9138164, topicName=许顶立)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=96f62500201, createdName=12498e67m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 02:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31636, encodeId=19583163601, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 12:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373288, encodeId=862b13e3288fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2fd051939ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51939, encryptionId=2fd051939ab, topicName=心衰患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=467c360, createdName=yuanming7, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 04:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31190, encodeId=11af311905f, content=感谢medsci, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Tue Jul 07 08:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30957, encodeId=c0e63095e95, content=不错哦。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e880105337, createdName=famous, createdTime=Tue Jul 07 06:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2009589, encodeId=a9182009589e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=434e42463ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#处理策略#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42463, encryptionId=434e42463ec, topicName=处理策略)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 20:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2007252, encodeId=db1d200e252eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b34b9138164' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#许顶立#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91381, encryptionId=b34b9138164, topicName=许顶立)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=96f62500201, createdName=12498e67m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 02:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31636, encodeId=19583163601, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 12:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373288, encodeId=862b13e3288fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2fd051939ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51939, encryptionId=2fd051939ab, topicName=心衰患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=467c360, createdName=yuanming7, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 04:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31190, encodeId=11af311905f, content=感谢medsci, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Tue Jul 07 08:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30957, encodeId=c0e63095e95, content=不错哦。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e880105337, createdName=famous, createdTime=Tue Jul 07 06:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-08 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2009589, encodeId=a9182009589e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=434e42463ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#处理策略#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=42463, encryptionId=434e42463ec, topicName=处理策略)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Wed Jan 27 20:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2007252, encodeId=db1d200e252eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b34b9138164' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#许顶立#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91381, encryptionId=b34b9138164, topicName=许顶立)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=96f62500201, createdName=12498e67m28暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Jul 23 02:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31636, encodeId=19583163601, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ee0d1618732, createdName=huaxipanxing, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 12:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373288, encodeId=862b13e3288fb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2fd051939ab' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51939, encryptionId=2fd051939ab, topicName=心衰患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=467c360, createdName=yuanming7, createdTime=Wed Jul 08 04:36:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=31190, encodeId=11af311905f, content=感谢medsci, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=130, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d0f31631005, createdName=保守主义, createdTime=Tue Jul 07 08:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30957, encodeId=c0e63095e95, content=不错哦。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e880105337, createdName=famous, createdTime=Tue Jul 07 06:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2015-07-07 保守主义

    感谢medsci

    0

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    2015-07-07 famous

    不错哦。

    0

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