PNAS:男孩青春期时父亲的陪伴会降低将来雄性激素水平?

2022-06-11 甲遇庚 “生物世界”公众号

长期以来,睾丸素一直是人类行为研究中的热点。在包括人类在内的整个脊椎动物中,睾丸素是生殖权衡的一个重要媒介,它决定如何将能量和时间分配到养育子女和交配/竞争中。

睾丸素(又称睾酮)是最重要的雄性激素,具有维持肌肉强度及质量、维持骨密度及强度、提神以及提升体能等作用。生命早期良好的营养有利于成年期较高的循环睾丸素水平。

长期以来,睾丸素一直是人类行为研究中的热点。在包括人类在内的整个脊椎动物中,睾丸素是生殖权衡的一个重要媒介,它决定如何将能量和时间分配到养育子女和交配/竞争中。

早在10多年前,美国圣母大学的 Lee Gettler 等人就在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上发表论文【1】,发现当男性升级为新爸爸时,其睾丸素水平会急剧下降;而且,睾丸素水平最低的男性往往是那些在养育子女上花费时间最多的模范爸爸。

研究团队表示,男性睾丸素水平降低似乎是一种生物学上的策略,可以帮助他们转变做事的优先次序以调整为适合照顾孩子。从某种程度上讲,男人可能天生就喜欢照顾孩子。

然而,对于为什么男性在成为父亲后的睾丸素水平存在差异仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。

2022年5月31日,Lee Gettler 等人在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上发表了题为:Evidence for an adolescent sensitive period to family experiences influencing adult male testosterone production 的最新研究论文。

该研究发现,在青春期时有父亲陪伴并参与照顾的男孩,在将来成年后的雄性激素水平更低。

此前的研究告诉我们,在人类中,成为父亲的男性,其睾丸素水平通常会随着照顾孩子而下降,然而这些模式在不同人群中存在差异。研究团队认为,部分原因可能源于早期的社会环境,包括照顾方式和家庭关系,这些因素可能都会产生影响。

该研究的通讯作者 Lee Gettler 指出,早期家庭经历可能在塑造与后来养育子女有关的生物学方面(如睾丸素水平)发挥着重要作用。青春期可能是追踪社交对生物学持久影响的一个关键时期,但在很大程度上还没有得到充分的研究。

在这项新研究中,该团队分析了菲律宾宿务市纵向健康和营养调查(CLHNS)中 966 名男性的数据。这是一项正在进行的出生队列研究,始于1983年。该研究重点关注了男性生殖生态学和生理学。除了在男孩成长的多个阶段(婴儿期、儿童期和青春期)收集家庭生活数据外,该研究还在他们成年后进行了三次随访。

研究人员发现,青春期是一个敏感的时期,在此期间,社交关系会影响青春期后期激素的产生。具体而言,当男孩在青春期时有父亲陪伴并参与照顾他们的生活,那么这些男孩日后成为父亲之前或之后时,他们的睾丸激素水平就会比较低;而那些父亲在场但没有参与照顾的男孩,在成年后拥有更高水平的睾丸素;但在父亲缺席的男孩中,没有观察到这种模式。

此外,上述影响仅限于青春期,男孩的婴儿期或童年期经历并不能预测其成年期的睾丸素水平。

然而,研究团队指出,世界上有各种不同的文化强调了不同的价值观和社交规范,包括父亲在家庭中扮演的角色。例如,在这项研究开始的上世纪80年代,大部分父亲都是农民、渔民和商人。在文化上,父亲的一个核心且重要的角色是养家糊口,同时他们还会经常扮演榜样和道德向导。

Lee Gettler 解释说,父亲对儿子早期的社交和认知发展还具有其他重要的影响,但在睾丸素分泌方面可能不是这样。青春期是儿童生殖发育成熟的时期,对于男性来说,他们的睾丸素分泌水平开始增加,随着生理变化,社交影响可能也会更强烈。

在进化生物学研究中,睾丸素除了在将资源用于竞争地位或养育子女方面发挥着重要作用,它还影响男性的长期健康,包括心血管疾病和免疫功能。因此,这些发现向我们展示了成年前的家庭经历可以塑造后代生物学的新方式,进而影响其以后的行为和健康。

Lee Gettler 表示,人们对父亲和其他照顾者如何帮助塑造孩子未来的健康很感兴趣,这项新研究为导致这些结果的潜在生物学提供了见解。在这项研究中,父亲与儿子的密切关系似乎是一个关键的代际路径,因为它可以有持久的生物特征,包括儿子未来睾丸素的水平,以及将来他们做父亲时的风格。

总之,该研究将男性青春期的家庭经历与其成人后的睾丸素水平联系起来,为生殖策略的行为和生物学组合的代际传递指明了一条潜在途径。

原始出处:

https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1105403108

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    2023-01-31 drwjr
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    2022-06-13 12157a75m71暂无昵称

    啊?这个激素降低对孩子会产生什么影响

    0

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