Lancet N: 比较替奈普酶和阿替普酶的大型研究

2017-11-05 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

对于发病4.5h内的缺血性卒中静脉溶栓被证明是有效的,阿替普酶是目前唯一被认可的溶栓药物。然而,阿替普酶也有弱点,比如再通率低、出血风险和半衰期短需要持续输注


对于发病4.5h内的缺血性卒中静脉溶栓被证明是有效的,阿替普酶是目前唯一被认可的溶栓药物。然而,阿替普酶也有弱点,比如再通率低、出血风险和半衰期短需要持续输注。

替奈普酶是阿替普酶生物工程改造的三点变异体(three-point-mutated variant),具有更长的半衰期,对纤维蛋白的特异性更高,抗纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1作用更强。在体外和动物模型中,替奈普酶都显示出了溶栓剂的优良特性和溶栓能力(vs.阿替普酶)。在心肌梗死阿替普酶对照替奈普酶的研究(大型III期随机对照试验)中,0.5 mg/kg替奈普酶和阿替普酶组死亡和症状性颅内出血的发生率相似,替奈普酶组非脑出血并发症更低。

在一项纳入了大动脉闭塞性急性缺血性卒中的2b期研究中,与阿替普酶相比,替奈普酶的临床预后更好,再灌注率更高。另一项2b期试验中,研究者发现替奈普酶和阿替普酶主要终点(24h可挽救半暗带)发生率没有差异。

2017年10月来自挪威的Nicola Logallo等在Lancet Neurology上公布了NOR-TEST试验结果,目的在于比较替奈普酶和阿替普酶静脉溶栓的安全性和有效性。按照挪威指南纳入适合静脉溶栓的患者,包括进一步血管内治疗者,以及醒后卒中患者(DWI和Flair存在mismatch)。

NOR-TEST为III期,多中心,前瞻性,随机,开放标签,盲法终点的临床试验。纳入的患者为适合溶栓的怀疑急性缺血性卒中患者,要求发病4.5h内或醒后症状发生在4.5h内,或作为介入血栓切除术前的桥接治疗。患者按照1:1的比例随机给予静脉替奈普酶0.4 mg/kg(最大40mg)或阿替普酶0.9 mg/kg(最大90mg)。临床医生知道治疗方案。主要终点为3个月时优秀功能预后(mRS 0-1)。

1107例患者符合纳入标准,由于各种原因排除了7例患者。1100例患者随机分配至替奈普酶组(n = 549)和阿替普酶组(n = 551)。纳入患者的平均年龄为77岁(IQR 64 - 79),平均NIHSS为4分(IQR 2 - 8)。替奈普酶组和阿替普酶组最终诊断为非缺血性卒中或非TIA者分别占18%和17%。两组主要终点发生率分别为64%和63%(OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.84–1.38; p = 0.52)。3个月时,两组死亡率分别为5%和5%。两组严重不良事件发生率相似,皆为26%。

最终作者认为替奈普酶不优于阿替普酶,二者安全性类似。在该研究中纳入的患者大部分为轻型卒中。今后的研究中应该进一步探讨严重卒中患者采用替奈普酶不次于阿替普酶。

原始出处:

Logallo N1, Novotny V2, Assmus J,et al.Tenecteplase versus alteplase for management of acute ischaemic stroke (NOR-TEST): a phase 3, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint trial.Lancet Neurol. 2017 Oct;16(10):781-788. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30253-3. Epub 2017 Aug 2.

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    2019-04-17 jin321

    学习

    0

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    2018-08-11 howi
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    2017-11-06 微分

    很棒的文章.认真学习中

    0

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    2017-11-06 1391e9f2a7m

    很棒的文章.认真学习中

    0

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