J Neurosci:dACC整合动机激励,介导认知控制

2021-03-15 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

dACC整合动机信号来计算目标导向认知控制的期望值

人类可以无缝地将来自不同动机激励的价值信号组合在一起,但还不太清楚这些信号是如何在大脑中“捆绑”来调节认知控制的。大脑中主要和次要激励是如何整合来影响目标导向行为的?背侧前扣带回皮质(dACC)被认为整合了动机价值维度,以服务于目标导向的行动,尽管这一假说尚未得到严格的证实。华盛顿大学研究人员考察了dACC在机理整合中的作用,成果发表在J Neurosci杂志。

研究人员对健康的年轻成年男性和女性进行了fMRI扫描,同时进行了一项实验范式,量化了液体(如果汁、中性水、盐水)和货币激励对认知任务表现的综合影响。发现货币激励调节了逐个试验的dACC激活,而液体激励对dACC活性则观察到了区块相关效应。

组合Beta估计中dACC编码了货币奖励和流动性激励。A)双侧dACC ROI mask。这个ROI包含了基于先前关于动机认知控制的荟萃分析的dACC的峰值体素。B)激励性整合任务的混合区块/事件相关设计。受试者共执行8个任务块,包括2个基线块和6个激励块。每位参与者的奖励标准(40%)是根据基线运行中的表现计算出来的,并用于确定RT阈值,通过该阈值,快速而准确的绩效将产生赚取的金钱和流动性激励。货币奖励价值在试验的基础上随机变化。液体类型被阻塞和平衡,并作为成功获得金钱奖励的绩效反馈提供(如彩色箭头所示)。参与者不会因为反应缓慢、不正确或弃权而收到金钱或液体。GLM被应用于提取每个参与者的持续液体阻滞条件和瞬时事件相关动机条件的Beta估计。C)9种激励条件中的每一种都进行了试探性贝塔估计。较深的颜色表示较高的金钱奖励水平。与线索相关的活动在每个曲线图的灰色矩形中突出显示,在线索开始后4-6秒显示出显著的金钱奖励效应。D)dACC中捆绑的Betas估计值是通过结合持续液体效应的Beta估计值和来自事件相关血流动力学反应的线索相关货币奖励效应的估计值来计算的。我们假设货币效应和流动性效应之间存在相加关系,即综合激励价值的大胆信号表示。DACC捆绑Beta对奖励率有显著的预测作用,表明dACC代表了初级和次级激励的总和,并与动机认知任务绩效的参数调节有关。

dACC对自我报告动机评价介导的奖励率的影响。A) dACC的受试者内调节分析。三个线性混合效应模型被用来确认激励条件对dACC、奖励率和激励评级的影响(见红色虚线)。模型显示,激励条件显著地预测了dACC捆绑的Beta、奖励率和激励评级。其次,进行了贝叶斯多水平受试者内中介分析,以检验这三个变量之间的关系。中介分析表明,dACC中的受试者内变异性与奖励率之间的关系是由受试者内动机评级的变异性介导的(见蓝线)。包含动机等级部分中介了dACC和报酬率之间的关联,比例中介效应=0.42CI90=(0.061.10)。使用90%的可信区间作为每个路径参数的后验分布范围。*p<0.05**p<0.01*p<0.001B)dACC的受试者间相关性。z得分的平均dACC beta估计值和受试者报酬率的左侧散点图揭示了dACC和报酬率之间的关联(尽管低于统计学意义的阈值)。右边的散点图显示了z得分的平均dACC测试值和自我报告动机评级也揭示了dACC和动机评级之间的关联。

当组合在一起时,与激励相关的dACC调制可以预测认知表现和自我报告动机评级的波动。统计中介分析表明,dACC根据激励的综合主观动机价值对激励进行了编码,并且这种价值信号与任务绩效的关系最为密切。最后,该研究证实这些激励整合效应选择性地存在于dACC中。

dACC选择性地编码主观动机价值,调节动机任务绩效。A)为了测试其他大脑区域是否存在动机激励整合效应,计算了与基于价值的决策(纹状体,vmPFC)和味觉处理(前脑岛)相关的先验感兴趣区的捆绑贝塔估计值。使用选定的ROI实施混合模型,并将其与dACC对奖励率和动机评级的影响进行比较。误差条表示95%的置信区间。右边的面板显示,只有dACC可以显著预测奖励率。左侧面板显示,除dACC外,前岛、尾状核和壳核的动机评级也被显著预测,这表明自我报告的激励动机是跨多个评估脑区域编码的。这些数据揭示了dACC与奖励率之间关系的特殊性,表明dACC编码了动机价值的转换,转化为对认知要求很高的任务的努力动作。*p<0.05**p<0.01*p<0.001B)评估大脑感兴趣区域的可视化。

该研究使用一个创新性的实验fMRI范式,将历史上在物种间独立研究的动机激励(例如,对人类的货币奖励,对动物的食物奖励)结合起来,检验了激励动机价值和认知控制分配之间的关系。该研究可能会为未来的转化研究提供参考,这些研究考察了精神病理学中的情感/动机和认知障碍(例如,焦虑、抑郁、成瘾)。

综上所述,这些结果支持了dACC整合动机信号来计算目标导向认知控制的期望值的观点。

原文出处:Yee Debbie M,Crawford Jennifer L,Lamichhane Bidhan et al. Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Encodes the Integrated Incentive Motivational Value of Cognitive Task Performance.[J] .J Neurosci, 2021, undefined: undefined.

 

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    2021-05-04 yesaisai133

    好文章

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    2021-03-17 lsndxfj
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    2021-03-15 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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    2021-03-15 ms6000000511367169

    学习了

    0

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    2021-03-15 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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