发表文章前,你就应该想清楚的几件事

2015-05-14 马臻 科学网马臻博客

科研的入门者作科研,总想着如何出文章。在那个阶段,出文章和拿奖学金、毕业、免试保送、申请出国直接挂钩。而熟门熟路以后,也被文章这个指标赶的慌。人们总是害怕自己的实验点子被别人做掉了,文章被别人抢先发表了,总是害怕自己的文章少。哪怕文章发得再多,都不断地被心魔拿着刀在追赶。记得,博导曾对我说,他不为了文章而文章,文章对他来说只是科研的副产品,科研搞好了,文章自然也出来了。为此,他不是心急火燎地一

科研的入门者作科研,总想着如何出文章。在那个阶段,出文章和拿奖学金、毕业、免试保送、申请出国直接挂钩。而熟门熟路以后,也被文章这个指标赶的慌。人们总是害怕自己的实验点子被别人做掉了,文章被别人抢先发表了,总是害怕自己的文章少。哪怕文章发得再多,都不断地被心魔拿着刀在追赶。

记得,博导曾对我说,他不为了文章而文章,文章对他来说只是科研的副产品,科研搞好了,文章自然也出来了。为此,他不是心急火燎地一得到一些结果就报道,而是把问题研究透了,甚至等几篇文章上下左右都吻合了,才一起投出去。如此这般丢开急功近利,反而带来了好的效果:他的文章成为“信得过产品”,投好杂志几乎百发百中,并且被引用近万次,得到很多国际奖项。我逐渐意识到,出文章常常成为评价一个人科研水平的指标,但这里面有很多平衡和矛盾还是要拿捏好。也就是说,并不是文章出得越多就越好、越有用,而是有很多微妙的东西值得思考。

一、出文章和学习新东西的矛盾

让我们想想,一个科研工作者做一个实验室已经有经验积累的熟悉的体系,把这个物质换作那个物质,颠来倒去、依葫芦画瓢地做实验,甚至一篇文章拆成几篇来写,能发很多文章,但是没有学到新的东西。而跳开目前的课题,投入新的课题、学习新的技能(如固态核磁共振、量子化学计算),得花大量时间学习,一下子很难出成果,可是对自己的长期的发展有利。这反映了一种追求短期的快乐和长远的发展的平衡,也体现了一种选择。

二、自己写文章和导师操刀的矛盾

有的导师让学生自己学着写文章,而国外很多导师甚至包办了文章。大家看Nature、Science文章的贡献部分,常常说文章是导师写的。那些文章的导师这么做,一是要得到更多的功劳,二是嫌学生写不好,三是怕学生耗费工资,因为学生放下实验而坐在办公室里写文章,也是耗费工资的。于是,实验室成了文章加工厂,成了生产流水线,学生只管做实验,老师提出点子、写了文章。如次这般,得到了立竿见影的效果短期的快乐。是不是会影响长期的发展呢?这种做法的副作用是否会显现出来呢?这么做的人往往拿到了教职,而从头做起的连面试的机会也没有。如何做,还看你自己拿捏好平衡。

三、写综述和发表原创论文的矛盾

有时候老板也会兴冲冲地问你要不要帮他写综述。

1.从利的角度来说:
 
(1)通过写综述,作者能够更好地把握该课题的发展,了解来龙去脉,增加知识,从而把自己的科研放在一个合适的“上下文”中。
 
(2)通过撰写综述,作者能总结自己的科研思路和学术成果,把自己的成果介绍给学术界。
 
(3)一篇好的综述能够带来一定的引用次数。
 
2.从弊的角度来说:
 
(1)做了这个,就不能做那个了。要是你静下心来写综述,会影响自己的实验,这是毫无疑问的。如果写成一篇不痛不痒的垃圾文章,写了也没有用。而写成一篇有影响力的好综述,至少损失好几篇原创的实验论文。

(2)在出去作报告、将来评职称的时候,别人只关心你做了啥工作,你总不能什么也说不上来,只说:“我写了篇综述”吧。

(3)学生替老板写综述,对老板来说是最合算的。因为他拉来了生意,“发包”给你写综述,你写了综述得第一作者,他得了通讯联系人,所有的好评和名气都往他那里吸。同行只是记得通讯联系人写了这篇综述,谁认识你呢?

四、发表文章和作了什么工作的矛盾

国内更看重发表多少篇文章,文章发表在什么杂志上,而国外更看重做了什么工作,在这个领域里有什么主要贡献。如果表面上出了一些文章,但是东打一枪、西放一炮,见什么热,就做什么,那没有用。再比如帮别人跑龙套,虽然也做了很多工作,发了不少第N作者文章,但如果工作不系统,或者说不上来的话,也没有用。这个问题值得深思。另外,国外更看重开会做口头报告。在报告会上,报告者说“我们”做了这个、“我们”做了那个,虽然没有一个实验是他做的。

五、文章数量和质量的矛盾
 
数量和质量当然存在着矛盾。那么什么叫作质量呢?影响因子在一定程度上能和质量关联,因为通过了同行评议,但是不同学科缺乏可比性,就算同一个学科,不同方向、不同课题都缺乏可比性。

六、发表文章和学科建设的矛盾

回国任教后,曾有国外大学教授邀请我去做访问教授,许诺将来发文章时也可挂上国内单位的名字。我回答:“哪怕发了文章,对目前单位的学科建设没有贡献。既然回国,我还是要把阵地放在这里。”
 
当教授(或副教授、讲师)不仅仅是发表文章。一只板凳四只脚,缺一只都不行。能否申请到科研经费,能否上好课,是否有学术界和社会影响力,都是重要的。

复旦大学出版社出版的《我心中的好导师》让我受到很大启发。我了解到,科研(或者发表文章)有两种:一种是短平快,什么东西都不深入,每次都说催化剂的效果其好无比,后续研究正在进展中。发出来的系列文章如《西游记》,每次都是九九八十一难中的一个独立的故事,每次都说这个催化剂效果好。还有一种科研风格就是抽丝剥茧,或者说象剥洋葱一样,直捣核心。《我心中的好导师》中有篇文章,说学术研究需要耐得住寂寞,十年磨一剑,而不是一年磨十剑。可是现在的大学里,几年不出成果的混不下去,而混得如鱼得水的都是一年磨十剑。可见这里面有如何平衡、协调的问题。

以上几点,都是我在最近几年悟出的。可以说,发表文章在某种程度上和科研能力、个人素质等都有关联的。比如学到了新东西,有助于发表文章。但是不能把科研仅仅归结于发表文章,里面还有很多深层次的奥妙。

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    2015-05-17 hbwang006

    命苦

    0

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    2015-05-17 Dr.LV

    各种各种,总而言之,学习是必须的

    0

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    2015-05-16 Lindong

    Zan

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2077882, encodeId=6dbb20e7882af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=42b33e9746c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发表文章#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37974, encryptionId=42b33e9746c, topicName=发表文章)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5V6pBDhhleaA9ZQaNgImyx09qqFom6WIvSGdUoWfKiaWCiaeUfnXMRECAMPA81Wkd4EOicrPibOTudQ/132, createdBy=b9382500209, createdName=ms6127405442416114, createdTime=Fri Jun 26 09:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23834, encodeId=d6402383400, content=命苦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=hbwang006, createdTime=Sun May 17 16:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23807, encodeId=886d2380e88, content=各种各种,总而言之,学习是必须的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJUNfdk68bHutYruGyxbKDzPWH3agcmId19Yf94FiapyicN0LTg0jykhqIhjPQVdR08FGR399rBpZIg/132, createdBy=feae1624323, createdName=Dr.LV, createdTime=Sun May 17 07:42:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23613, encodeId=9f8f236136e, content=Zan, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=73e81621958, createdName=Lindong, createdTime=Sat May 16 00:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23556, encodeId=fc4d23556d8, content=为了毕业不得不发文章啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=151, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=9e0b1603164, createdName=lovejing, createdTime=Fri May 15 00:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23547, encodeId=f6822354e45, content=评职称,科研!文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=hbwang006, createdTime=Thu May 14 23:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23534, encodeId=e7af235342f, content=讲得非常好,但是我们在起步阶段,只能先看数量,没有第一桶金做基础,想深入也不可能, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6c061611816, createdName=sumer, createdTime=Thu May 14 19:50:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-05-15 lovejing

    为了毕业不得不发文章啊

    0

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    2015-05-14 hbwang006

    评职称,科研!文章

    0

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    2015-05-14 sumer

    讲得非常好,但是我们在起步阶段,只能先看数量,没有第一桶金做基础,想深入也不可能

    0

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