STM:AD脑脊液生物标志物的相关研究

2014-06-12 佚名 丁香园

由密苏里州圣路易斯市华盛顿医学院神经内科研究教授Anne M. Fagan博士带领的研究者团队发现,常染色体显性遗传AD(ADAD)突变患者中AD相关生物标志物在疾病早期,即在症状出现之前就已增加;但与传统的观点相反,一旦症状出现后该标志物水平下降。这种改变类型表明阿尔茨海默病生物标志物的变化依赖于疾病进展的阶段。这种阿尔茨海默病(AD)生物标志物活动不同于已有的轨迹,或能影响未来的临床试验。【原

由密苏里州圣路易斯市华盛顿医学院神经内科研究教授Anne M. Fagan博士带领的研究者团队发现,常染色体显性遗传AD(ADAD)突变患者中AD相关生物标志物在疾病早期,即在症状出现之前就已增加;但与传统的观点相反,一旦症状出现后该标志物水平下降。这种改变类型表明阿尔茨海默病生物标志物的变化依赖于疾病进展的阶段。这种阿尔茨海默病(AD)生物标志物活动不同于已有的轨迹,或能影响未来的临床试验。【原文下载】

Fagan博士说,该研究结果强调了在痴呆高危人群中“随时间变化”研究标志物变化的重要性。她说她“几乎可以预测”患者在某一特定的年龄最终将得到一张“基线”的AD生物标志物图谱,而不是在后期的水平,这样能更好监测疾病进展。该研究在线发表于3月5日的科学转化医学杂志中。

该分析纳入了146例AD相关基因突变(APP,PSEN1, 或PSEN2)携带者以及显性遗传性阿尔茨海默病网络(DIAN)中96例非携带者。携带者被分为非症状性或症状性两组。几乎60%的受试者为女性,约25%携带至少1个APOE 4等位基因。研究者们对患者进行影像学检查,并收集其血浆及脑脊液样本。感兴趣的生物标志物包括β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ1-42), tau蛋白 (神经细胞丢失的标志物之一), 磷酸化tau蛋白 (p tau, 神经元纤维缠结标志物之一) 以及视锥样蛋白1(VILIP-1, 神经元钙感受器,也是细胞死亡的标志物之一)。

该研究明确了在突变的携带者中,在出现明显的认知功能损害(通过简易智能状态量表和其他量表检查)前数年,AD的病理即已出现。在ADAD的无症状期疾病病理类型包括携带者血浆及脑脊液Aβ1-42的浓度在极早期已经增高。Aβ1-42在脑内明显聚集直至达到一个关键的浓度阈值,在此浓度之后,由于Aβ1-42在Aβ斑块内沉积,其浓度开始下降。

Fagan博士解释说,“Aβ在脑内聚集,当其开始聚集时,其进入脑脊液部分就减少了,这就是为什么会下降。”作者说,携带者血浆中Aβ1-42浓度随着疾病病程持续增高可能是由于这些人群中外周Aβ1-42过度表达所致。当神经元损伤时,其他生物标志物的水平也增高。可以相信的是随着AD损伤大脑,死亡的细胞释放这些生物标志物,聚集在脑脊液中。

纵向分析

研究者们对37例患者的亚组进行了一项纵向分析,评估随时间变化生物标志物浓度的改变。该分析发现神经退行性变的3种标志物存在相对较小但一致的具有统计学意义的下降。Fagan博士说,“当我们在较小的队列中观察随时间变化生物标志物的情况时,对于个体而言,我们看到(Aβ)42下降,这是我们所预期的;同时我们也看到在无症状期tau蛋白早期升高,但令人惊讶地是后期出现下降。”之所以令人惊讶是因为根据横断面研究,我们推测tau蛋白水平将会随时间继续上升。Fagan博士说,“但是我们看到的却相反,我们看到它开始下降。”

某些理论可以用来解释为何tau蛋白水平开始下降。Fagan博士说,一种假设是说在临床前期存在一个细胞死亡的更“顽固”时期,在某些时刻“恰恰不是许多神经元将要死亡的时候”,因此导致生物标志物活性增加。不清楚在哪一点时生物标志物的水平开始下降。Fagan博士评论说,“这是一个很有意思的问题。我们希望随着队列人数的增加,我们可以从无症状期到有症状期持续随访患者,这样我们将会看到转折点在什么地方。”

这种类型适用于晚发型AD吗?Fagan博士说,这正在研究中。一项研究正在招募认知功能正常的中等年龄的伴或不伴有AD(与突变不相关)阳性家族史的儿童。Fagan博士说,这项假说即随着时间变化,生物标志物的证据将为有AD家族史的人群揭示更多的广泛的改变;确实,我们也已经观察到了。Fagan博士强调说在AD的症状期,大脑将继续萎缩。

强烈的关注


Fagan博士指出,在AD认知方面症状出现之前提前发生AD异常的这段长的时期目前受到强烈的关注。她说,“阿尔茨海默病领域在过去的5-10年间,由于对临床前阶段的重视,经历了一个被认为是模范式的转变”,能够在症状发生之前10-20年就明确生物标志物情况。

随着越来越多的有关生物标志物的临床研究评估正在进行的阿尔茨海默病药物的成功或失败,了解这些标志物如何活动,以及使用哪一个变得越来越重要了。Fagan博士说,相比于tau蛋白,ptau蛋白是更好的生物标志物,因为tau蛋白水平在创伤性脑损伤或其他脑损伤时(如卒中)出现升高,因此对AD来说不是特异性的。此外,由于tau蛋白靶向治疗针对塌陷的细胞管道,而VILIP-1生物标志物,与tau蛋白高度相关,可能越来越发挥重要作用。她说,“在临床研究中,独立于tau蛋白质外的某些细胞死亡的标志物确实十分重要;如果你使用tau蛋白靶点,那么你不能将tau蛋白作为一个结果。”

原始出处:


Alzheimer's Biomarkers Dip Later in Disease.Medscape March 07, 2014

Fagan AM1, Xiong C, Jasielec MS, Bateman RJ, Goate AM, Benzinger TL, Ghetti B, Martins RN, Masters CL, Mayeux R, Ringman JM, Rossor MN, Salloway S, Schofield PR, Sperling RA, Marcus D, Cairns NJ, Buckles VD, Ladenson JH, Morris JC, Holtzman DM; Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network.Longitudinal change in CSF biomarkers in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease.Sci Transl Med. 2014 Mar 5;6(226):226ra30. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007901.【原文下载】



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    2014-11-24 gdsun
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