NATURE:大脑发育的神经网络建模,有助于理解脑部疾病的神经发育根源

2017-04-28 佚名 Nature自然科研

本周《自然》发表的两篇研究报告了发育中的人脑的两个三维模型。该系统让研究人员有机会在培养的细胞中研究和修饰大脑发育的关键方面,有助于他们理解正常的大脑发育和某些疾病(如自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症)的神经发育根源。

本周《自然》发表的两篇研究Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids和Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids报告了发育中的人脑的两个三维模型。该系统让研究人员有机会在培养的细胞中研究和修饰大脑发育的关键方面,有助于他们理解正常的大脑发育和某些疾病(如自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症)的神经发育根源。
第一篇论文中,Pasca实验室将培养状态下的前脑细胞球状体组合起来的结果。Birey et al.

随着人类胎脑的发育,γ-氨基丁酸能神经元从腹侧迁移到背侧前脑,在此建立连接并融入皮质回路。在第一篇论文Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids中,来自斯坦福大学医学院的Sergiu Pa?ca 及同事通过创建类似腹侧或背侧前脑细胞的3D球状体来为该过程建模,之后他们在培养皿中将这些3D球状体组装起来,促使细胞迁移和功能性人脑皮质回路的发育。

当使用Timothy综合征(与自闭症和癫痫相关的疾病)患者的细胞创建培养系统时,细胞迁移的模式发生了改变,这为胎脑发育后期的疾病过程提供了一个有用的模型。

第二篇论文中,Arlotta及同事培养的类器官最终发展出了许多不同类型的细胞,包括视网膜细胞(左下侧橙色c5区域)。Quadrato et al.

在第二篇论文Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids中,来自哈佛大学的Paola Arlotta及同事描述了可以在培养基中维持9个多月的大脑类器官,为分析相对晚期的神经元成熟事件提供了一个窗口。

这些“类似大脑”的细胞团包含各种各样的细胞类型,其中一些自发形成活动神经元网络。有趣的是,由于所述细胞器包含各种视网膜细胞,因此可以利用光来操控神经元网络的活动。光遗传学指利用光来控制经改造而表达光敏蛋白的细胞的活动,它已成为神经科学研究领域广泛使用的一种工具。比较而言,该系统有望提供一种无需依赖遗传修饰而控制神经元活动的方法。

原始出处:

Fikri Birey, Jimena Andersen, Christopher D. Makinson, et al. Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22330.
Giorgia Quadrato,Tuan Nguyen,Evan Z. Macosko, et al. Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids. Nature (2017) doi:10.1038/nature22047.

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    2017-04-29 neurowu
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