改造型Cas9:RNA病毒的新杀器?

2015-05-14 佚名 生物谷

Cas9是一种特殊的核酸内切酶,已经迅速成为了基因组编辑时代的革命性的新工具。通过小的RNA作为引导序列,Cas9能够特异性结合到DNA上我们感兴趣的区域,然后切割DNA双链。《美国科学院院刊》近期发表了一篇关于改造Cas9系统的文章。来自一种革兰氏阴性细菌(Francisella novicida)的FnCas9能够通过重编程后(即改变引导RNA的序列),能够结合到在真核生物细胞中特异性的RNA

Cas9是一种特殊的核酸内切酶,已经迅速成为了基因组编辑时代的革命性的新工具。通过小的RNA作为引导序列,Cas9能够特异性结合到DNA上我们感兴趣的区域,然后切割DNA双链。

《美国科学院院刊》近期发表了一篇关于改造Cas9系统的文章。来自一种革兰氏阴性细菌(Francisella novicida)的FnCas9能够通过重编程后(即改变引导RNA的序列),能够结合到在真核生物细胞中特异性的RNA靶标上去。这个FnCas9与其他类型的cas9不同,前者可以结合到细菌中的成熟信使RNA上并有RNA切割酶的功能。这些FnCas9针对的RNA包括单链RNA病毒(丙肝病毒)的基因组RNA。这种针对病毒RNA的FnCas9系统的定向可以导致病毒蛋白质合成受阻。

首先他们合成了一段被叫做rgRNA的引导RNA。这种RNA和细菌中存在的某些RNA结构很相似。这个rgRNA有一段双链区,是FnCas9的结合位点;还有一段单链区,可以和丙型肝炎病毒的单链RNA基因组5‘端的一段保守区域互补形成双链。丙肝病毒这段保守区的RNA被认为对于病毒的蛋白质翻译和核酸复制有重要作用。然后他们将带有rgRNA对应的DNA序列整合进质粒,和携带FnCas9系统的质粒一起转进真核细胞。通过检查发现了实验组中病毒蛋白质翻译明显减少。同时,病毒的核酸复制量也被抑制了。

科研工作者们还比较了FnCas9靶向切割RNA和Cas9靶向DNA的差异。他们发现,FnCas9结合到RNA不需要Cas9所必须的切割位点连接区PAM。

随着研究的深入,未来,我们或许可以设计针对RNA病毒的FnCas9系统,定向结合到病毒RNA并抑制病毒的复制。这种方法能够非常特异性地识别病毒RNA,从而或许将成为针对RNA病毒的精确制导炸弹。可编程的FnCas9系统可以一方面成为针对RNA病毒治疗的方法,同时,也可能为真核生物中的RNA的编辑打开了新的大门。

原始出处:

Aryn A. Pricea, Timothy R. Sampsona, Hannah K. Ratnera, Arash Grakouib, and David S. Weiss.Cas9-mediated targeting of viral RNA in eukaryotic cells.PNAS, May 12, 2015.doi: 10.1073/pnas.1422340112

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    2015-06-09 18619c0a62m

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    2015-05-17 huaxipanxing

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    2015-05-16 respect
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    2015-05-16 yaanren
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