类风湿关节炎需要知道的一些问题

2022-08-24 风湿免疫科郑医生 风湿免疫科郑医生

类风湿关节炎到底是什么病?

一、类风湿关节炎到底是什么病?

类风湿关节炎是一种以侵蚀性关节炎为主要临床表现的自身免疫性疾病,可发生于任何年龄。

二、类风湿关节炎的病因是什么?

类风湿关节炎目前病因及发病机制目前尚不明确,可能与遗传、免疫、感染、环境、激素等因素相关。

三、类风湿关节炎的病变实质是什么?

基本病理表现为滑膜炎、血管翳形成,并逐渐出现关节软骨和骨破坏,最终导致关节畸形和功能丧失,可并发肺部疾病、心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤及抑郁症等。

四、类风湿关节炎的发病状况是怎么样的?

流行病学调查显示,RA 的全球发病率为 0.5%~1%,中国大陆地区发病率为 0.42%,总患病人群约 500万,男女患病比率约为1∶4。我国RA患者在病程1~5年、5~10 年、10~15 年及≥15 年的致残率分别为 18.6%、43.5%、48.1%、61.3%,随着病程的延长,残疾及功能受限发生率升高。RA不仅造成患者身体机能、生活质量和社会参与度下降,也给患者家庭和社会带来巨大的经济负担。

五、类风湿关节炎治疗现状如何?

我国仍有60%的医院未设置独立的风湿病专科,现有的7200余名风湿科医师中超过80%在三级医院工作,基层患者在就医时无法获得风湿科医师的专业诊治。调查显示,类风湿关节炎患者中首次就诊选择风湿科的仅为23%。

六、类风湿关节炎的治疗药物有哪些?

目前来说主要有消炎止痛药(如双氯芬酸钠等)、传统改善病情药物(如甲氨蝶呤等)、生物制剂(如依那西普、阿达木单抗等)、合成靶向小分子药物(如托法替布、巴瑞替尼等)、糖皮质激素(如强的松、甲强龙等)、中草药。

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