PHARMACOL REV:肉毒杆菌神经毒素知多少?

2017-05-17 MedSci MedSci原创

关于肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNT)的研究在很多方面都在迅速发展。借力于下一代测序,新型BoNT正在被发现,但肉毒杆菌神经毒素生物学和药理学性质很大程度上仍然是未知。目前已经确定了一些BoNT A1型和B1型药物制剂中包含的毒素与辅助蛋白质形成的大蛋白质复合物的分子结构。迄今为止,人们仍在以最大的努力致力于肉毒杆菌神经毒素的应用开发中,包括疼痛治疗的BoNTs。BoNT A1型也被单独使用或与其他药剂

近日,国际药学权威杂志PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS在线发表了一项肉毒杆菌神经毒素生物学,药理学和毒理学的综述研究。

关于肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNT)的研究在很多方面都在迅速发展。借力于下一代测序,新型BoNT正在被发现,但肉毒杆菌神经毒素生物学和药理学性质很大程度上仍然是未知。目前已经确定了一些BoNT A1型和B1型药物制剂中包含的毒素与辅助蛋白质形成的大蛋白质复合物的分子结构。迄今为止,人们仍在以最大的努力致力于肉毒杆菌神经毒素的应用开发中,包括疼痛治疗的BoNTsBoNT A1型也被单独使用或与其他药剂组合在一起进行各种美容治疗。

肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNT)是由厌氧和产孢子菌梭菌属(Clostridium肉毒杆菌,丁酸梭菌,巴氏梭菌和巧克力霉素)的神经毒性菌株产生的蛋白质神经毒素。

传统意义上,BoNT已经按照动物抗血清区被分类为七种血清型,并且用AG的字母表示。然而,最近的分子遗传分析,包括使用下一代测序技术,发现了更多的编码许多新型BoNT的基因。它们可以归类到现有的血清型中,但其特征具有不同的氨基酸序列。被称为亚型的大多数变体的已知的抗原性质是保守的,并以血清型的字母后面加上数字进行表示。例如,对于血清型ABoNT / A1BoNT / A2 ... BoNT / An; 对于血清型BBoNT / B1BoNT / B2 ... BoNT / Bn等。此外,还鉴定了一些嵌合BoNT,并相应标记:BoNT / DCBoNT / CDBoNT / FA。这些嵌合神经毒素是过去的重组事件的结果。关于这种越来越多的BoNTs的生物学意义尚未解释,但有可能与造成动物肉毒中毒的神经毒性梭菌的生长,传播和毒素生产的不同方式有关。

肉毒杆菌神经毒素的毒性在已知的毒物中是最高的。这是由于1)它们的神经特异性,2N-末端结构域的酶性质,其活性可以使一个分子的底物失活,并且3)它们的蛋白水解底物的重要作用,即介导的SNARE蛋白质周围神经末梢神经递质释放的基本生理功能。由于几个限制因素,目前关于BoNT的毒理学仍然是一个复杂的问题。通过基因组数据库,BoNT的数量正在不断增加,但是只有大多数新型BoNT才知道氨基酸序列。毒理学数据仅适用于有限数量的这些BoNT,而且仅适用于少数脊椎动物物种。

BoNTs的药理学特性和作用模式揭示了神经元运输和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的一般原理。BoNT是靶向细胞内底物细菌外毒素的典型实例。这些毒素已经发展出一种结构组织,用于将金属蛋白酶结构域递送到宿主细胞胞质溶胶中。BoNTs神经末梢中毒的机制分为五个主要步骤:1)结合神经末梢,2)内吞,3L链的低pH驱动易位穿过囊泡膜,4)通过减少链间二硫键释放细胞质中的L链,以及5SNARE切割,随后阻断神经递质释放和神经麻痹。

此外,肉毒杆菌神经毒素的临床应用不仅仅局限于肌张力障碍,痉挛,自主适应症,泌尿系统病理状况,疼痛等一些常见疾病。同时,还可以应用于胃肠病学和直肠疾病,抑郁症,以及化妆品等其它用途。

原始出处:

Marco Pirazzini, Ornella Rossetto, Roberto Eleopra, et.al.  Botulinum Neurotoxins: Biology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology.

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    2018-02-03 yb6560
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1788218, encodeId=e9731e88218e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e014162e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pharmacol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14162, encryptionId=38e014162e2, topicName=Pharmacol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=930e243, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Mon Sep 04 17:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1787251, encodeId=ac901e87251d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fa03141591e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pharm#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14159, encryptionId=fa03141591e, topicName=Pharm)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8942242, createdName=jj000001, createdTime=Wed Aug 23 08:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1908256, encodeId=9874190825662, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8d0141605e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#pharma#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14160, encryptionId=a8d0141605e, topicName=pharma)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f634250, createdName=chentianping, createdTime=Tue Mar 20 10:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1995983, encodeId=33bf1995983bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed881120ec8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MAC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11207, encryptionId=ed881120ec8, topicName=MAC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b65161, createdName=yb6560, createdTime=Sat Feb 03 11:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521343, encodeId=9bc81521343c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34f38085491' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肉毒杆菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80854, encryptionId=34f38085491, topicName=肉毒杆菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60f411331131, createdName=liubm559, createdTime=Fri May 19 06:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=199513, encodeId=d21019951334, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Thu May 18 07:54:58 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=199385, encodeId=cf0619938583, content=影响到神经递质的作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu May 18 00:17:36 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1788218, encodeId=e9731e88218e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e014162e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pharmacol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14162, encryptionId=38e014162e2, topicName=Pharmacol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=930e243, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Mon Sep 04 17:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1787251, encodeId=ac901e87251d2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fa03141591e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pharm#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14159, encryptionId=fa03141591e, topicName=Pharm)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8942242, createdName=jj000001, createdTime=Wed Aug 23 08:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1908256, encodeId=9874190825662, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8d0141605e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#pharma#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14160, encryptionId=a8d0141605e, topicName=pharma)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f634250, createdName=chentianping, createdTime=Tue Mar 20 10:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1995983, encodeId=33bf1995983bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed881120ec8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MAC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11207, encryptionId=ed881120ec8, topicName=MAC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b65161, createdName=yb6560, createdTime=Sat Feb 03 11:09:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521343, encodeId=9bc81521343c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34f38085491' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肉毒杆菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80854, encryptionId=34f38085491, topicName=肉毒杆菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=60f411331131, createdName=liubm559, createdTime=Fri May 19 06:09:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=199513, encodeId=d21019951334, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Thu May 18 07:54:58 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=199385, encodeId=cf0619938583, content=影响到神经递质的作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Thu May 18 00:17:36 CST 2017, time=2017-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-05-18 130****4638

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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    2017-05-18 惠映实验室

    影响到神经递质的作用

    0

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